Spanish I Verb Review Mellamo: _____________________ Hoyesel: ____________________*READ ALL NOTES AND INSTRUCTIONS THOROUGHLY*YOU MAY USE YOUR NOTES, BUT MAY NOT RECEIVE HELP FROM ANYONE OTHER THAN YOUR SPANISH TEACHER*ALL INFORMATION IS REVIEW. IF YOU DON’T KNOW IT, YOU NEED TO STUDY IT AND CATCH UP FAST!!!Subject Pronouns: Before you can form a complete sentence in Spanish, you must know (by heart) the subject pronouns and what they mean. You must also memorize the chart format, as this format is consistently used throughout the study of verb conjugation.Fill in the chart with the Spanish subject pronouns and define each one in English:YonosotrosTuvosotrosEl,ella,ustedUstedes,ellos,ellasNow, when you encounter a subject that does not match one of these pronouns, you MUST be able to ‘replace’ it with the correct pronoun. In other words, you must know where that subject will fall within the chart.What subject pronoun would you use to replace the following subjects:1.Mi mejoramigo___Tu___________ 5. Juan y tu _____________2. Los estudiantes _____________ 6. Las chicas ____________3.SeñoraGómez _______________ 7. Enrique ______________4.Juan y yo ___________________ 8. Marisol ______________What if your subject is a THING and not a person??? In that case, all you need to know is whether it is one thing (singular) or more than one thing (plural).For one thing (singular): it is treated like he or she (it) (el/ella/ustedbox)For more than one thing (plural): it is treated like they (ellos/as/uds. Box)Would these subjects fall into:A- the el/ella/ustedbox OR B- theellos/ellas/uds. box?Los libros _____ 6. La playa ____La pelÃcula_____ 7. La comida china ____Los lápices ____ 8. Las verduras ____Mi materia preferida ____ 9. La clase ____El examen ____ 10. Los papeles ____Conjugating Verbs:The term ‘conjugating’ refers to the process of altering an ‘infinitive’ so that it includes a subject. An ‘infinitive’ is a verb that has no subject because it has not been conjugated. When defining an infinitive, the definition will begin with ‘to’ do that action since, again, it has no specific subject. All infinitives will end with either -AR, -ER, or -IR.Define the following infinitives:Patinar ________________ 11. Asistir __________________Comer _________________ 12. Beber __________________Querer ________________ 13. Alquilar _________________Ser ___________________ 14. Bailar __________________Vivir __________________ 15. Pasear __________________Ver ___________________ 16. Compartir ________________Cantar _________________ 17. Ir___________Jugar __________________ 18. Montar _________________Tocar __________________ 19. Estudiar ________________Leer ___________________ 20. Aprender ________________Regular Verbs:When a verb is labeled as a ‘regular’ verb, that gives you information on how to conjugate that verb. ALL regular verbs follow the same conjugation pattern. What are the 3 steps for conjugating ANY regular verb:(1)- (2)- (3)-Now, in those steps, you referred to the ‘regular verb endings’ . You MUST know these by heart! Fill in the charts with these endings. Remember, this chart format is based upon the Subject Pronouns you filled in on pg. 1. The boxes ALWAYS match up!Regular -arverb endings: Regular -erverb endings: Regular -irverb endings:Conjugating Regular Verbs:Fill in the charts with the conjugations of the following infinitives:Hablar- Comer-Vivir-Provide the CORRECT FORM of each verb & write the ENGLISH TRANSLATIONConjugationTranslationEX.Yo(correr) :corro = IrunEllas (hablar) _______________________ 6. Tu (aprender) ____________________Nosotros (bailar) ____________________ 7. Mis amigos (tocar) _________________Uds. (vivir) _______________________ 8.Maria(cantar) ____________________Edgar (comer) ____________________ 9. Yo (leer) _______________________Vosotros (beber) __________________ 10. Tu y yo (compartir) _________________Irregular VerbsWhen a verb is labeled as being ‘irregular’ , this also provides you with information on how to conjugate it. If it is irregular, then you CANNOT simply follow the 3 steps you wrote earlier to conjugate it- there is something IRREGULAR about it. It may be a simple spelling change, or it may have completely irregular forms. There is less of a pattern to conjugating these types of verbs versus the regular verbs, so it is crucial that you study and MEMORIZE the forms of irregular verbs!Fill in the charts with the forms of the following IRREGULAR verbs:Ser-Ir- Querer- Jugar-Tener-The verb GUSTARGustaris a special verb. There are only 2 forms of this verb, not 6. We use this verb to express what someone LIKES or DOES NOT like. It may be used to express either THINGS or ACTIONS that people LIKE or DO NOT LIKE. To form a CORRECT & COMPLETE sentence using GUSTAR, there are 3 steps to follow. Fill in the 3 steps of forming a sentence usinggustar:STEP 1: STEP 2: STEP 3: ___________ OR ___________When do you use GUSTA:When do you use GUSTAN:Does it depend on the subject of the sentence or the object following it?Write the following statements in Spanish using all 3 steps ofgustar:I like to read: ______________________________________________________We like sports: _____________________________________________________We like to play sports: ________________________________________________You all don’t like vegetables: ____________________________________________Do you like to sing? ___________________________________________________WHAT IS WRONG WITH THIS SENTENCE???A mà me gusta corro. __________________________________________________The verb QUERERWe have already established that this is an irregular verb. It means __________________.When using this verb, we often follow it with an action (another verb). It is important to remember that you DO NOT conjugate the verb following the form of QUERER. The secondary verb must remain in INFINITIVE form.Examples:Yoquierocomer = I want to eat vs. Yoquierocomo= I want to I eatWrite the following statements in Spanish:We want to learn______________________________________He wants to spend time alone _______________________________You all want to go out _____________________________________I want to go for a walk ____________________________________Do you want to go with me? _________________________________The verb JUGARWe have also established that JUGAR is an irregular verb. It means_________________ and is used specifically when talking about __________________________. If I were referring to a musical instrument, I would use the verb __________________, which is regular.When using JUGAR followed by a sport, the conjunction ‘al’ is added:Yojuegoalbasquetbol. = I play basketball.Now, you do these examples (be careful!!!):He plays football: ___________________________________________He wants to play football: _____________________________________He likes to play football: ______________________________________The verb IRClearly, this verb is irregular (it’s only 2 letters!) It means ___________________. When used by itself, it is usually followed by a location. To join the verb and the location that follows it, you need the word ‘to’ which, in Spanish is the letter ‘a’ . It is important to remember that when the letter ‘a’ (to) is followed by the article (definite article) ‘el’ , then these 2 words combine to make ‘al’ .To summarize: a + la = NO CHANGE a +los= NO CHANGE a + las = NO CHANGEa + el = COMBINE TO ‘AL’ Use the verb IR to write a complete sentence saying that these people go to the location provided:Ex: Ella/ lasmontañas(the mountains) =Ellavaa lasmontañas. (She goes to the mountains)Yo/ la playa _____________________________________________________Nosotros/ elentrenamiento_________________________________________Ellos/ lasclases__________________________________________________Uds./ elauditorio_________________________________________________Vosotros/ elensayo_______________________________________________You have also used the verb IR in the construction: IR + a + infinitive. This ‘formula’ is used to express what people are GOING TO DO. In other words, it is a way to express a FUTURE action. Translate the following statements into English:Voyasalir__________________________________________________________Ellavaaestudiar_____________________________________________________Vamos a cantar al concierto ____________________________________________Now, use IR + a + infinitive to write the following statements in Spanish:I’m going to eat ___________________________________________________________He’s going to read__________________________________________________________They are going to dance _____________________________________________________Are you going to go to the dance? ______________________________________________TenerExpressionsYou already know that TENER is an irregular verb that means _________________. We also use this verb in what are known as TENER EXPRESSIONS or TENER IDIOMS. These are expressions that begin with a form of TENER (according to your subject) followed by a word or words to form a whole new expression. TENER EXPRESSIONS can be tricky because most to not specifically include ‘have’ in their English translation. For this reason, it is important that you study and know these expressions!Write the following in Spanish using TENER EXPRESSIONS:I’m thirsty__________________________________We are lucky ________________________________He’s in a hurry_______________________________You have to study ____________________________You all are hungry ____________________________Are you sleepy? ______________________________I feel like dancing. ____________________________Now, let’s pull it all together! Show off your awesome verb conjugating skills by writing the following in Spanish:To run ___Correr___________ 6. I like torun___MegustaCorrer__I run____________________ 7. I’m going to run__Voy a correr__We run__________________ 8. I have to run ____________________Do you run? ______________ 9. I feel like running _________________I want to run______________ 10, I don’t run ______________________Spanish 1Final Exam Study GuideVocabulary/CultureVocabulary Ch. 1-4GrammarTime-min 0-29 Son las + _______ + ________ + minutes.-min 31-59 Son las + ____________ + _________ + # of minutes until next hr.- 12:31-1:30 Use _________ __________-Special words: :15 _______________, :30_______________, :45 _______________Ex. It’s 10:30 It’s 2:50 It’s 1:05WeatherHace calor-______________ Hace buen tiempo- _____________________Hace frio-It’scoldHace sol- _______________ Hace mal tiempo- ______________________Hace viento-It’swindyQuestionwords¿Quién?- ¿Cuándo?-¿Qué?- ¿Dónde?-¿Cuál?- ¿Por qué?-¿Cómo?-¿Cuánto/a/os/as?- **porque-Subject pronounsYo- nosotros- a) Juan – f) Laura ySue-_________________________Tú- vosotros- b) mis amigos y yo – g) mis primos – _________________________ él- ellos- c) mi familia – h) Ella y yo – ella- ellas- d) Sarah – i) Señor Allen- Usted- Ustedes- e) Tú y él – j) las chicas -Definite/Indefinite articlesThere are 4 definite articles; they all mean the word __________ in English.El- for ___________ and ______________ nounsLa- for ___________ and ______________ nounsLos- for ___________ and ______________ nounsLas- for ___________ and ______________ nounsIndefintearticle also agree in # and gender Masculine FeminineSingular Un- a Una- a **These words also match in # and gender:Plural Unos-some Unas-some poco, mucho, cuánto, ese, esteShowanexampleforeachAdjective agreement (number and gender)Like definite and indefinite articles, adjectives (describing words) must also match in ___________ and ____________.Masculine Feminine______Ends in o Ends in a PluralRaules alto. Elena es alta. *adj.thatendin avowel-add_______Endsin e-nochange*adj.thatendin aconsonant-add________Raules inteligente Elena es inteligenteEnds in consonants-no change Raulesintelectual Elenaesintellectual Ends in ‘or’ OR talking about nationality- add aRaulestrabajdor Elena es trabajadoraRaules español Elena es españolaIr + a+infinitve-toexpressswhatsomeoneis___________ to do.Ir ainfinitive_______________ a bailar a nadar_______________ *Yo voy a bailar.–> I amgoingto dance.Possessive Adjectivesmi/mis- nuestro/nuestra- ** nuestro/vuestrohaveto match in_______________nuestros/nuestras- # andgendertu/tus vuestro/vuestra-_______ vuestros/vuestras-su/sus su/sus-Differences between Ser andEstarSer-Estar- D- L-_________________ O- ___________________ E-_________________ C- ___________________ F- T- T- O- R-Direct Object Pronouns and where to place themDirect objects are the person or thing receiving the action of a verb.Paul orders the soup. What does Paul order? __________ is the direct object.Lo- La-Los- Las-VerbsGustar, they need a pronoun in frontgusta/n ** Singular or plural used depending_______________ on what comes after the verb. If it is singular use the a/e. If plural_______________ use the n. Infinitive verbs** the original form of a verb¦no subject** they end in ______, _______, or ________.Facts1. You can’t have 2 conjugated verbs next to each other. The first is conjugated the second is left in the infinitive form. Ex.Necesitopedirla comida.2.When using reflexive pronouns or direct object pronouns you attach the pronoun to the infinitive. Ex.Nesesitopedirla.(I need to buy it) ORNecesitobañarme. (I need to bathe myself.)Conjugating present tense verbs that end in AR, ER, and IRArerir_______________ _______________ _______________________________ _______________ ________________Steps to conjugating:Find the ___________.Take off the _______, _________, or _________Add the appropriate _____________.Shoe verbs/Stem changing verbs(all 22 of them)Shoe verbs change in the __________ of the word as well as the normal endings. They change in all forms except the _____________ and _____________ forms. There are 3 types of shoe verbs:oà ______,eà _______, andeà ______.Poderentenderpedir________________ ___________________ __________________________________ ___________________ __________________Irregularverbs: ser, estar, ir, ver, saber,** Irregular in the _______ form only:Yo-Go verbs:hacer-__________,poner- _________,salir-__________,decir- ___________,caer___________,traer_____________VenirTener __________________ ___________________ __________________ ___________________ Saber Ver _________________ ___________________ _________________ ___________________-Calendar-KeyQuestionstounderstandand beabletoanswer.¿Cómo te llamas?¿Cómo estás?¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?¿Qué dÃa/fecha es hoy?¿De dónde eres?¿Cuántos años tienes?¿Cómo eres? ¿Cómo es/son?
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