Pathophysiology
When the heart’s workload increases, what changes occur to the myocardial cells?

The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of:

After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen; this is an example of hormonal:

The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is called:

Removal of part of the liver leads to ______________ of the remaining liver cells.

Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?

What is the single most common cause of cellular injury?

During cell injury caused by hypoxia, why do sodium and water move into the cell?

During ischemia, what effect does the loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level have on cells?

Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases?

How do free radicals cause cell damage?

What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?

What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury?

Lead causes damage within the cell by interfering with the action of:

Which organs are affected by lead consumption?

How does lead poisoning affect the nervous system?

How does carbon monoxide cause tissue damage?

Acute alcoholism mainly affects the ______________ system.

What effect does fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) have on infants?

What physiologic changes occur during heat exhaustion?

In decompression sickness (the “bends”), bubbles of _____ form emboli.

Which cell component is the most vulnerable target of radiation?

During cell injury caused by hypoxia, why is there an increase in the osmotic pressure within the cell?