1- Hi In the United States there has been a push back by the construction industry on some types of foreign steel. The products have been tested and failed for strength and content. Is this something that could be used by governments to exclude (non-tarriff) based on its quality? 2-One of the government’s main responsibilities is the focus on protecting, growing, and enhancing its domestic economy. There are a variety of reasons why governments impose trade barriers on imports. Sure, imposing tariffs are revenue-generating (Cateora et. al, 2016), but protectionism is even more so critical to the long-term, continued economic growth and success of a country. For example, protectionism aids in ensuring the domestic standard of living for its citizens, stable wages, and industrialization of underdeveloped nations (Ma & Lu, 2011). The government holds the responsibility of ensuring a balance of trade through controllable elements in the form of trade barriers. The most common trade barrier to international commerce is inflicted tariffs on imported goods. This is meant to discourage consumers from buying foreign imported products and influence the customer to purchase domestically manufactured items (Ma & Lu, 2011). This supports domestic economic growth, promotes job opportunities, and is mean to reduce unemployment, critical to economic stability (Ma & Lu, 2011). In limiting foreign market share, countries can remain relevant and participative in global commerce CITE. Besides tariffs, governments may also impose other non-tariff trade barriers such as embargos, boycotts, quotas, and money barriers (Cateora et. al, 2016). All of these barriers are imposed in order to protect domestic economic growth from foreign competition. International marketing textbooks recognize a myriad of other reasons for protectionism. Such reasons would include conservation of natural resources or for maintaining/strengthening national defense (Cateora et. al, 2016)- both of which are crucial to national and economic longevity. Governments may also impose trade barriers to protect infant industries. This allows such firms the time to develop in new and potentially promising markets, providing the opportunity to compete internationally (Ma & Lu, 2011). Cateora, P., Gilly, M., & Graham, J. (2016). International marketing. 17th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education. Ma, J., & Lu, Y. (2011). Free trade or protection: a literature review on trade barriers. Research in World Economy, 2(1), 69. 3-Hello class, Economists generally agree that trade barriers are detrimental and decrease overall economic efficiency. This can be explained by the theory of comparative advantage. In theory, free trade involves the removal of all such barriers, except perhaps those considered necessary for health or national security. In practice, however, even those countries promoting free trade heavily subsidize certain industries, such as agriculture and steel. Trade barriers are often criticized for the effect they have on the developing world. Because rich-country players set trade policies, goods, such as agricultural products that developing countries are best at producing, face high barriers (Elliott, 2019). Trade barriers, such as taxes on food imports or subsidies for farmers in developed economies, lead to overproduction and dumping on world markets, thus lowering prices and hurting poor-country farmers. Tariffs also tend to be anti-poor, with low rates for raw commodities and high rates for labor-intensive processed goods. The Commitment to Development Index measures the effect that rich country trade policies actually have on the developing world. Another negative aspect of trade barriers is that it would cause a limited choice of products and, therefore, would force customers to pay higher prices and accept inferior quality. In general, for a given level of protection, quota-like restrictions carry a greater potential for reducing welfare than do tariffs. Tariffs, quotas, and non-tariff barriers lead too few of the economy’s resources being used to produce tradeable goods (Elliott, 2019). An export subsidy can also be used to give an advantage to a domestic producer over a foreign producer. Export subsidies tend to have a particularly strong negative effect because in addition to distorting resource allocation, they reduce the economy’s terms of trade. In contrast to tariffs, export subsidies lead to an over allocation of the economy’s resources to the production of tradeable goods. Internationally recognized ethical practices such as the UN Global Compact have been instituted to facilitate mutual cooperation and benefit between governments, businesses, and public institutions. Nevertheless, countries continue to face challenges around ethical trading and business practices, especially regarding economic inequalities and human rights violations (Chakrabarty, & Nag, 2014). References: Chakrabarty, S., & Nag, B. (2014). Perceptions of international trade barriers: Empirical study of small apparel firms. Elliott, G. (2019). Tariff Procedures and Trade Barriers. University of Toronto Press.

Mastering the Art of Online Learning: Your Guide to Acing Online Courses

Introduction

In recent years, the popularity of online courses has skyrocketed, offering learners the flexibility to acquire new skills and knowledge from the comfort of their homes. However, succeeding in online courses requires a different approach compared to traditional classroom settings. To help you make the most of your online learning experience, this article presents essential strategies and tips to ace your online courses.

1. Set Clear Goals and Plan Ahead

Before embarking on an online course, establish clear goals and objectives. Determine what you hope to achieve by the end of the course and break down your goals into manageable milestones. Create a study schedule that aligns with your other commitments, ensuring you allocate dedicated time for coursework, assignments, and revision.

2. Create a Productive Study Environment

Establishing a conducive study environment is crucial for online learning success. Find a quiet, well-lit space where you can concentrate without distractions. Remove any potential interruptions, such as notifications from social media or email. Organize your study materials and have a reliable internet connection to ensure seamless access to course materials.

3. Actively Engage in the Course

Active participation is key to mastering online courses. Engage with course materials, including videos, readings, and interactive components. Take comprehensive notes, highlighting key concepts and ideas. Participate in discussion boards, forums, and virtual meetings to interact with instructors and peers, fostering a sense of community and enhancing your understanding of the subject matter.

4. Manage Your Time Effectively

Online courses offer flexibility, but it’s essential to manage your time wisely to avoid falling behind. Create a detailed schedule, allocating specific time slots for coursework, assignments, and studying. Break down larger tasks into smaller, manageable segments to prevent procrastination. Prioritize tasks based on deadlines and dedicate focused time to each one, ensuring consistent progress throughout the course.

5. Develop Effective Communication Skills

Online courses often rely on written communication, making it crucial to hone your skills in this area. Be concise and clear in your written responses, paying attention to grammar and spelling. Actively participate in discussions, asking thoughtful questions and providing constructive feedback to your peers. Regularly check your course emails and notifications, ensuring you stay updated with any important announcements or changes.

6. Utilize Available Resources

Take full advantage of the resources provided by your online course platform and instructors. Familiarize yourself with the learning management system (LMS) and explore its features. Access supplementary materials, such as textbooks, lecture slides, and external resources recommended by instructors. Utilize online libraries, research databases, and tutorial services to deepen your understanding of the subject matter.

7. Stay Motivated and Engaged

Maintaining motivation throughout an online course can be challenging, particularly when faced with competing priorities or a lack of face-to-face interaction. Set short-term goals and reward yourself upon their completion. Connect with fellow learners through virtual study groups or online forums to foster a sense of camaraderie. Regularly remind yourself of the benefits and personal growth associated with completing the course successfully.

8. Seek Support and Clarification

Don’t hesitate to seek support or clarification when needed. Reach out to your instructors for guidance or clarification on course material. Utilize online discussion forums to ask questions or engage in collaborative problem-solving. Leverage the support services provided by your course platform or institution, such as technical support or academic advising.

Conclusion

Online courses present unique opportunities for self-paced learning and personal growth. By setting clear goals, creating a productive study environment, actively engaging with course materials, and managing your time effectively, you can maximize your chances of acing online courses. Remember to stay motivated, seek support when needed, and make the most of the available resources. Embrace the flexibility and adaptability of online learning to achieve your educational goals.