Ecology of the School & Ch 8 Welcoming and Supporting Families What type of classrooms did you experience as a child? 1. Was the classroom childcentered or teachercentered? 2. Was there children of different ethnic groups? 3. Did the teacher treat boys and girls the same or different? 4. Was there children with disabilities? If so, where were they and how were they treated? 5. How were children who were gifted treated, both by the teachers and by other students? The School’s Function as The chapter examines the school as a a micro-system in which the child develops Socializing Agent To better understand the socialization function of the school, macro-system influences ( political, economy, ethnicity, religion, technology) and their changes over time ( Chrono) are discussed Also we will look as the linkages(Meso) between the school and family School influence: their educational programs leading to achievement, their formal organization, introducing students to authority, and the social Discuss! What general job opportunities are available for people with diverse educational levels? Why do you think a comparable level of education was important for Veronica and John’s marriage? society’s perspective: is the transmission of cultural heritage, the accumulated knowledge, values, beliefs, and customs of the society The purpose of education from the individual’s perspective is to acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to become self sufficient and to participate effectively in society In the US the school’s function can be described as Universal: open to all Formal: methodical Prescriptive: provides directions based on customs Macro-System Influences on Schools Political Ideology:elected officials of the society implement these values and goals. The citizens provide input to lawmakers For a democracy to function, its educational policy must involve educating its citizens; to discuss and compromise on issues pertaining to them as individuals as well as a group; to select competent leaders to rule by the will for the majority, and to evaluate the equity of the rules as well as the leaders implementation of them. Economics: School funding is usually under the jurisdiction fo the states, rather than the federal government. EX: NY $19, 212 per pupil, UT $ 8446 per pupil. A majority of school funding inequalities is that most states rely heavily of property taxes; to address the achievement gap congress passed NCLB Ethnicity: a challenge for educators is how to balance equity with diversity, enabling ethnically diverse children to assimilate the culture of the majority, while maintain the distinctive culture Religion: educational policy mandates that public schools cannot promote a particular religion, nor can they inhibit religious beliefs Parental Options Regarding Schools Generally students are assigned to a public school in the local school district in which they live. Since individual schools differ how policies are implemented, families are allowed to choose among schools for 3 reasons: School choice is consistent with a democratic form of government that promotes freedom Choice will foster competition among schools to better educate students Individual students will become more empowered to succeed in some schools School Choice Magnet School: a public school that offers special educational programs, such as science, music or performing arts, and draws students from different neighborhoods by choice School Vouchers: Are certificates issued by the federal government in the amount the local district would normally spend on the child’s education at his or her assigned public school. So, if a parent does not like the district school they can use the money to attend a private school Charter School: A school which is authorized and funded by the public school district, formed by a group of parents, teachers, or other community members with a shared educational philosophy Charter Vs. Public Schools watch me NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND: designed to address the achievement gap between disadvantaged students and their peers. Parents can transfer to schools with track records of academic success and safety. This act sets out requirements for funding school improvement, teacher qualifications and testing Home Based Schools: most home schools have a credentialed teachers and follow a prescribed curriculum. Some home based schools are combined with charter schools. Many families who choose home schooling do so because they believe it is the parents right to control their children education and to teach morals and values Gender Diversity and Equity Ethnicity and Cultural Assimilation Cultural Assimilation: the process whereby a minority cultural group takes on the characteristics of the majority cultural group Melting Pot: The idea that society should socialize diverse groups to blend into a common culture Cultural Pluralism: mutual appreciation and understanding of various cultures and coexistence in a society of different languages, religious beliefs, and lifestyles Language: we have an increased number of children with limited English proficiency watch me DLI 1974 congress passed the Equal Educational Opportunity Act, requiring schools to take action to overcome the language barriers of students who cannot communicate in English Communication Style: research shows the children’s communication style varies. They have been shown to relate to socialization in the family’s culture. Likewise, teacher communicate in the style of their own culture, sometimes the contrast in style interfere with the child’s ability to learn Religion: There about 2000 different religious groups in the US. We do separate church from state, but the two often intersect. Issues have been controversial such as school prayer, curriculum teaching evolution or sex education, censorship and the celebration of school holidays- particular body part, organ, or its absencedisability is the restriction of ability due to the condition….( from the OT’s mouth 🙂 Impairment: refers to physical damage or deterioration, Impairment refers to the actual condition ‘ Impairment is the specific problem with the body (ex visual impairment) whereas disability is the limitation caused by the impairment’ Handicap: is defined as something that hampers a person- disadvantage or hindrance Handicapism: assumptions and practices that promote the deferential and unequal treatment of people because the are different physically, mentally, and behaviorally. Individuals with Disabilities Act ( IDEA): addresses the education of individuals with disabilities Inclusion: the educational theory that all children are entitled to participate fully in their school watch me and community . IEP Individualized Education Plan: a form of communication between the school and family, developed by the group of people responsible for the education of a child with special needs any child receiving services must have an IEP All IEP’s include: a statement of the child’s present level of educational performance a statement of annual goals, including short term objectives a statement of the specific special education and related services to be provided to the child and of the extent of the child’s participation in the regular education environments including initiation dates and anticipated duration of services required transition services from school to work or continued education usually ages 14-16 objective criteria, evaluation procedures, and schedules for determine whether instructional Chronosystem Influences on Schools: From the inception the public school system was Change intended toSocietal be a vehicle for social change ‘school has become a potential intervention site for almost every social problem affecting children.’ Adaptation of societal change: Influencing writings of prominent theorists: Dewey, Piaget, Skinner, Rogers, Vygotsky Changing political climate: Economic Opportunity Act 1964-provided federal money for preschool programs for disadvantaged children watch me History Of HS Elementary and Secondary Education act of 1965 ( title 1) and NCLB Educational Excellence for All Children Act: Stated by 2000 All children will start school ready to learn High school graduation rate will increase to 90% American students in grade 4, 8, and 12 having demonstrated competency in English, math, science, history, geography,- students will be well prepared for employment in our modern economy Americans will be the first math and science Every adult American will be literate Every school in America will be free of Increases accountability for states, school districts and schools Provides greater choice for parents and students- particularly those attending low performance or unsafe schools Gives more flexibility to states and local educational agencies in the use of federal educational monies. Mandates a stronger emphasis on reading, language arts, math, and science Every state receiving NCLB funding must develop both content standards: what students are expected to know and academic achievement standards ( how Technology Computers Digital revolution Internet Online social networks Video game learning environments Record keeping Chrono- Influence on Health and Substance Use and Abuse Safety The school must provide: factual information, confidential services Just SAY NO Obesity : 8 components of the school community that can strongly influence student healthy habits: health education, PE, nutrition services, psychological and social services, healthy school environment, promoting the importance of health for staff, family, and community involvement MesoInfluences Learning Style: a consistent pattern of behavior and performance by which an individual approaches educational experiences It is a composite of characteristic cognitive, affective and psychological behaviors that serve as relatively stable indicators of how a learner perceives, interacts, and responds to the learning environment It is also influences by the cultural experiences of home, school, and society How the teacher and school responds to the child’s learning style affects the child’s educational experience Family Involvement: Decision making Participation Partnership Five Protective Factors 5 Protective Factors School and School Size: Community one study showed that the smaller the school size < 600 the more connected students feel harsh discipline policies such as zero tolerance, makes students feel less connected, though safer adolescents feel more connected to school when they have more friendsless isolation Class size Business and schools Community services Classroom Scenarios! 1. Lilly is a child in your preschool classroom. She is a very emotional and sensitive child who at times as some emotional outbursts. Today, she is having a difficult time sharing with her peers. When she does not get her way, she goes into a screaming, crying, tantrum. After tending to her needs, you calm her down, and then it happens again. Lilly sits in the dramatic play area and continues to cry and scream and is not stopping. It is coming to the end of the day and it is story time, how do you tend to her? (A-E last name) 2. Simon is a child who appears to be delayed with speech and language. After giving him some time to get acclimated, you approach the parents about a speech and language evaluation. The parents deny....what do you do? (F-J) 3. Mr. Lu's son is in your class and he has a very hard time separating from his parents. When parent leaves, the child screams, yells, cries, and the father repeatedly comes back into the classroom to console his child.....which ultimately makes it a bit harder for the child and you the teacher. Do you approach the father? How do you confront him? (K-0) 4. Jenny is your best parent volunteer - she is reliable, and she is always willing to lend a helping hand. Now that the year is coming to an end, how do you get Jenny to stay less? She is very tied and connected to her child, yet, you know that the two need to separate. What do you do?(PT) 5. Mike, a preschool father repeatedly drops off his child late to class. He consistently brings his daughter late by Classroom Scenarios! (about 20 minutes. When you address him, it is during circle time and you kindly remind him to try to be on time ( while sitting with the group) The next day, he is late again and this time you are by the door. He tells you that he was upset that you told him in front of the class about being late....and that they are not happy with the program. He wants a more academic program and would like to drop ....what do you say? how do you handle his concerns (U-Z) Purchase answer to see full attachment

Mastering the Art of Online Learning: Your Guide to Acing Online Courses

Introduction

In recent years, the popularity of online courses has skyrocketed, offering learners the flexibility to acquire new skills and knowledge from the comfort of their homes. However, succeeding in online courses requires a different approach compared to traditional classroom settings. To help you make the most of your online learning experience, this article presents essential strategies and tips to ace your online courses.

1. Set Clear Goals and Plan Ahead

Before embarking on an online course, establish clear goals and objectives. Determine what you hope to achieve by the end of the course and break down your goals into manageable milestones. Create a study schedule that aligns with your other commitments, ensuring you allocate dedicated time for coursework, assignments, and revision.

2. Create a Productive Study Environment

Establishing a conducive study environment is crucial for online learning success. Find a quiet, well-lit space where you can concentrate without distractions. Remove any potential interruptions, such as notifications from social media or email. Organize your study materials and have a reliable internet connection to ensure seamless access to course materials.

3. Actively Engage in the Course

Active participation is key to mastering online courses. Engage with course materials, including videos, readings, and interactive components. Take comprehensive notes, highlighting key concepts and ideas. Participate in discussion boards, forums, and virtual meetings to interact with instructors and peers, fostering a sense of community and enhancing your understanding of the subject matter.

4. Manage Your Time Effectively

Online courses offer flexibility, but it’s essential to manage your time wisely to avoid falling behind. Create a detailed schedule, allocating specific time slots for coursework, assignments, and studying. Break down larger tasks into smaller, manageable segments to prevent procrastination. Prioritize tasks based on deadlines and dedicate focused time to each one, ensuring consistent progress throughout the course.

5. Develop Effective Communication Skills

Online courses often rely on written communication, making it crucial to hone your skills in this area. Be concise and clear in your written responses, paying attention to grammar and spelling. Actively participate in discussions, asking thoughtful questions and providing constructive feedback to your peers. Regularly check your course emails and notifications, ensuring you stay updated with any important announcements or changes.

6. Utilize Available Resources

Take full advantage of the resources provided by your online course platform and instructors. Familiarize yourself with the learning management system (LMS) and explore its features. Access supplementary materials, such as textbooks, lecture slides, and external resources recommended by instructors. Utilize online libraries, research databases, and tutorial services to deepen your understanding of the subject matter.

7. Stay Motivated and Engaged

Maintaining motivation throughout an online course can be challenging, particularly when faced with competing priorities or a lack of face-to-face interaction. Set short-term goals and reward yourself upon their completion. Connect with fellow learners through virtual study groups or online forums to foster a sense of camaraderie. Regularly remind yourself of the benefits and personal growth associated with completing the course successfully.

8. Seek Support and Clarification

Don’t hesitate to seek support or clarification when needed. Reach out to your instructors for guidance or clarification on course material. Utilize online discussion forums to ask questions or engage in collaborative problem-solving. Leverage the support services provided by your course platform or institution, such as technical support or academic advising.

Conclusion

Online courses present unique opportunities for self-paced learning and personal growth. By setting clear goals, creating a productive study environment, actively engaging with course materials, and managing your time effectively, you can maximize your chances of acing online courses. Remember to stay motivated, seek support when needed, and make the most of the available resources. Embrace the flexibility and adaptability of online learning to achieve your educational goals.