section for Data Analysis for each of the two journals discussed in the essay attached. So totally 200 words should be added. Please highlight the section with a color.
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EBP Task: Effectiveness of Telemedicine in Diabetes Management
Student’s Name
Professor’s Name
Course Number
Due Date
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EBP Task: Effectiveness of Telemedicine in Diabetes Management
Diabetes management is essential for reducing complications and increasing patient
outcomes. Telemedicine, an advancement of technology, has come out as a precious device for
managing chronic conditions like diabetes. This research emphasizes creating an evidence-based
practice question using the PICO framework to know the effectiveness of telemedicine in
managing diabetes care.
Clinical Practice Problem
The central concern is whether telemedicine as an intervention changes the levels of
glycemic control other than standard care conducted through physical visits. Poor control of
glycemia among humans with type 2 diabetes predisposes them to unfavorable complications,
inflates the costs of healthcare, and leads to a decreased quality of life. Problem resolution is
essential, not only for patient health but also to ensure the effective delivery of health services.
PICO Components and EBP Question
PICO Components
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P (Patient population or problem): Patients with type 2 diabetes.
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I (Intervention): Telemedicine (remote monitoring and consultations).
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C (Comparison): Standard in-person care.
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(Outcome): Improved glycemic control (measured by HbA1c levels).
EBP Question
In patients with type 2 diabetes, does telemedicine compared to standard in-person care
improve glycemic control as measured by HbA1c levels?
Analysis of the Research-Based Article: “Efficacy of Telemedicine on Glycaemic Control in
Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis” by De Groot et al. (2021)
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Background
De Groot et al. (2021) conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of Delhi
medicine in managing control in patients with diabetes type 2. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane
were used by researchers to obtain data. Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) published up to
December 2020 were filtered, containing studies that show a comparison between telemedicine
medicine interventions with routine care.
Methodology
Titles and abstracts were carefully reviewed, followed by an independent full-text review.
Key data such as sample size, intervention details, duration, and outcomes were extracted. The
quality of RCTs was examined using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The primary outcome, the
mean difference in HbA1c levels, was analyzed using a random-effects model along with I2
analysis, and sensitivity analysis. The meta-analysis of 12 RCTs (1,248 participants) showed
telemedicine significantly reduced HbA1c levels by -0.35% (95% CI: -0.52% to -0.18%, p < 0.001), with moderate heterogeneity (I^2 = 45%) (De Groot et al., 2021). Ethical Considerations Ethical approval was not needed since it is a secondary research article. Level of Evidence Level I evidence: systematic reviews and meta-analysis regarding RCTs—that is to say, the validity and reliability of these studies are high. Quality Rating According to the JHNEBP Model The quality of the meta-analysis by De Groot et al. (2021), following the JHNEBP model, is high. Besides, the use of the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and a thorough data analysis regarding this tool indicates the “high quality” of this review. 4 Results and Conclusion Telemedicine is an effective measure for reducing HbA1c levels in diabetic patients’ type 2, showing improved glycemic control. The reduction of -0.35% in HbA1c is clinically considerable, recommending telemedicine as a more viable alternative than routine diabetes care (De Groot et al., 2021). The slight heterogeneity suggests that there are moderate differences in the result, but the overall effect is almost the same across different studies. The authors emphasize the capability of telemedicine to improve patient involvement, self-care management, and following the treatment through regular supervision and timely feedback. Relevance to EBP Question The article directly addresses the EBP question. The meta-analysis provides a strong affirmation that telemedicine greatly improves glycemic control, supporting the hypothesis that telemedicine is more effective than standard in-person care (De Groot et al., 2021). Clinical Implications The findings from the research strongly suggest that including telemedicine in the management protocols of diabetes can lead to better patient outcomes, decreased HbA1c levels, and effectively lower healthcare expenses due to fewer complications and hospitalizations (De Groot et al., 2021). Implementation This study underlines the importance of adopting telemedicine technology and training healthcare givers to provide care to remote patients effectively. The meta-analysis by De Groot et al. (2021) provides compelling evidence that supports the integration of telemedicine into diabetes care to improve glycemic control and enhance patient outcomes. “Telemedicine in Diabetes Care” by Mullur et al. (2022) 5 Background and Introduction The article talks about a study that outlines how telemedicine was a mechanism to achieve improvement in glycemic control for these patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, particularly during the period of the COVID-19 lockdown (Mullur et al., 2022). The article describes how telemedicine served as a haven for controlling diabetes in these days of lockdown and gives the glycemic outcomes achieved by patients who experienced telemedicine services during this period. Type of Evidence It is a literature review. Level of Evidence According to the JHNEBP Model The evidence level can be classified as Level V. Quality Rating According to the JHNEBP Model The quality rating of the article can be rated as good. Author’s Recommendations The authors recommend continued usage as well as the implementation of telemedicine in care for diabetes, stressing that it enhances glycemic control and thus the outcomes of the patients. They feel that this shows that telemedicine can be useful in keeping up with follow-ups and carries forward the management of diabetes, more so when personal visits prove hard to come by (Mullur et al., 2022). Recommended Practice Change The recommended practice change is adapting the approach by including telemedicine in the diabetes management protocols. This entails the application of telemedicine in maintaining 6 average patient monitoring and consultation/follow-up, not just to enhance glycemic control but also improve patient outcomes. Key Stakeholders Key stakeholders for implementing the change include medical practitioners, nurses, educators specialized in diabetes care, information technology experts for telemedicine platform support, patients with type 2 diabetes, healthcare administrators, and policymakers. Barrier to Implement the Change Among the significant barriers to implementing telemedicine is the lack of technological know-how by both patients and care providers, which could stand in the way of benefiting from telemedicine. Strategy to Overcome the Barrier Appropriate training programs should be organized to promote the technological literacy of patients and healthcare providers. These will encompass telemedicine tools, issues often faced, and the advantages of remote care to realize adoption and proper utilization. Outcome Measurement Successful outcome for diabetes management through telemedicine will be improved HbA1c levels for better glycemic control. In general, it will include significantly decreased HbA1c compared with the standard of care from in-person providers, combined with a higher level of patient engagement and satisfaction in their diabetes care. Conclusion Both De Groot et al. (2021) and Mullur et al. (2022) argue that telemedicine can improve glycemic control and engage patients in the care of type 2 diabetes. This improves patients’ outcomes and adherence, as it also proves cost-effective. This will greatly increase health 7 improvement for the patients and at the same time reduce the cost of care. This study may offer the basis for integrating telemedicine into standard diabetes care and practice by overcoming the access barrier, past support, and training, for all patients. 8 References De Groot, J., Wu, D., Flynn, D., Robertson, D., Grant, G., & Sun, J. (2021). Efficacy of telemedicine on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a metaanalysis. World journal of diabetes, 12(2), 170. Mullur, R. S., Hsiao, J. S., & Mueller, K. (2022). Telemedicine in diabetes care. American Family Physician, 105(3), 281-288.