BUSI 418 LEVELS OF EVIDENCE ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS
OVERVIEW
When conducting research through a literature review, as you did earlier in this class, it is
important to know how strong and reliable the evidence is in the studies reviewed. Levels of
evidence (also referred to as hierarchy of evidence) is a system of appraising the components
such as the method and design, to rate the reliability of the results of the study.
In this assignment, you will be reviewing the research in the four articles that you used in the
Literature Review Assignment to determine the level of evidence for each, as well as offering a
summary to justify the level you identified.
INSTRUCTIONS
You are to use the Levels of Evidence Assignment Template and fill out the chart with the
appropriate information as follows:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Student Name, date of submission
Title of Guideline used in the Literature Review Assignment
For each of the 4 articles used in your Literature Review Assignment, you will include:
o Article Title
o Purpose of the study
o Results of the study
o Because each article is clearly identified in each column, you do not need to
include an in-text citation or quotation marks for the purpose and the results for
each article.
Identify the level of evidence of each study. Only use the highest level if there were two
or more methods used. Only state the level as a Roman numeral.
Explain the criteria (research method and design) that justifies why you selected the level
of evidence for each article that you did, as in the explanations of the levels below.
Include a biblical integration or Christian worldview. You are not to use the same biblical
integration that you used in the Literature Review Assignment. You must use an APAformatted citation for any Scripture you quote or paraphrase with a matching reference in
the reference list.
References, including the Bible must be in current APA formatting in alphabetical order
at the bottom of the page. The references do not have to start on a separate page in this
assignment, as it would in an APA-formatted paper.
For the purpose of this assignment, the following Levels of Evidence are to be used:
Level I:
• Evidence from a systematic review (literature review) of all relevant randomized
controlled trials (RCTs) or at least three RCTs that have similar results
• A meta-analysis study
• An evidence-based clinical practice guideline based on systematic reviews (literature
reviews) of RCTs
Level II:
• Evidence obtained from at least one well-designed Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
Page 1 of 2
BUSI 418
Level III:
• Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization
• A quasi-experimental design: Not true experiment designs. Descriptive research involves
collecting data to test hypotheses or answer questions concerning the current status of the
subjects of the study. Describes the variables. Lacks the element of random assignment.
Usually assigned to 2 groups without randomization or using a comparison group instead
of a control group. Quasi-experimental research involves the manipulation of an
independent variable without the random assignment of participants to conditions or
orders of conditions. Among the important types are nonequivalent group designs,
pretest-posttest, and interrupted time-series designs.
Level IV:
• Evidence from well-designed cross-sectional study
• A case-control study (not the same as a case study) or retrospective studies in which
people who have a specific condition or outcome are compared with people who do not.
Researchers are retrospectively relying on patient recall or medical records for their data
collection.
• A cohort study, an observational study type that prospectively follows a large group of
patients with a specific exposure or treatment and then compares outcomes with an
unaffected group. Cohort studies are observational. Longitudinal designs fall here, too.
Level V:
• Evidence from systematic reviews (literature review) of descriptive studies and/or
qualitative studies
• A meta-synthesis study
• Meta-aggregation is an approach that is increasing in popularity as a method of
qualitative synthesis designed to model the Cochrane process of systematic reviews
summarizing results of quantitative studies while being sensitive to the nature of
qualitative research and its traditions
Level VI:
• Evidence from a single descriptive study
• Evidence from a single qualitative study: Like interviews without intervention or focus
groups. They provide a rich data on the views or experiences of one person or more. Can
provide insights in unexplored contexts.
Level VII:
• Evidence from the opinion of authorities and/or reports of expert committees
Note: Your assignments will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool. The tool
is a starting point for instructors to check overall Academic Integrity and higher scores generally
indicate a higher probability of Academic Misconduct. The higher a score the higher the
probability that there are too high a percentage of quotations included in the narrative, and/or
there are passages that have not been properly cited.
Page 2 of 2
BUSI 418
LEVELS OF EVIDENCE TEMPLATE
Student Name:
Date:
Title of Guideline:
Articles from your Literature Review
Assignment
Level of
Evidence
Identified in the
article
Article 1 Title:
Level:
What Criteria Identified the
Research in this Article as the
Level of Evidence
YouSelected (Method &
Design)?
Biblical Integration or
Christian World View
Purpose:
Results:
Article 2 Title:
Level:
Purpose:
Results:
Article 3 Title:
Level:
Purpose:
Results:
Article 4 Title:
Level:
Page 1 of 2
BUSI 418
Purpose:
Results:
References
Page 2 of 2
BUSI 418
LITERATURE REVIEW TEMPLATE
Student Name:
Date:
Clinical Guideline
Clinical Guideline
Clinical practice guideline: Allergic rhinitis
Title
Guideline Recommendations
1. Historical wellbeing of the patient and physical examination: necessary clinical diagnosis of AR should be taken into
consideration if the patient shows any signs of an allergic infection or AR-related symptoms from his or her medical
examination.
2. Understand environmental factors: medical professionals should ensure that they have advised the AR patients on potential
allergens that might result in its cause and even propose environmental measures that would control the existence of allergic
rhinitis.
BUSI 418
3. Identify chronic conditions and comorbidities: clinicians should ensure that they have taken a step in diagnosing known chronic
infections.
4. Provision of topical steroids: health care professionals should administer topical steroids to AR patients whose symptoms
become a challenge to everyday life
5. Imaging: Sino nasal imaging should not be administered to patients showing persistent AR symptoms
6. Referring patients to Acupuncture who is in a better position to provide non-pharmacological therapy
Include the APA-formatted Reference for your chosen Guideline here:
Seidman, M. D., Gurgel, R. K., Lin, S. Y., Schwartz, S. R., Baroody, F. M., Bonner, J. R., … &Nnacheta, L. C. (2015). Clinical
practice guideline: allergic rhinitis executive summary. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 152(2), 197-206.
Literature Review
Title: Article 1
Title: Article 2
Title: Article 3
Title: Article 4
The impact of allergic rhinitis
A systematic review of the
International expert consensus
Clinical practice guideline:
on gastrointestinal disorders
evidence base for vidian
on the management of allergic
allergic rhinitis executive
among young adults.
neurectomy in managing
rhinitis (AR) aggravated by air
summary
BUSI 418
rhinitis
pollutants:
Each research article supports which guideline recommendation in the list above?
This article centers on
The second article centers on
The third article centers on
The fourth article brings about
providing tropical steroid
providing close projections
providing environmental
comorbidities and chronic
guideline recommendations for regarding imaging for AR
guideline recommendations for
condition guideline
AR infection.
AR infection.
recommendations for AR
patients
.
patients.
Purpose of the research
The author of the given article
The article aims to evaluate
The article centers on proving
This article aims at providing
tried to identify and assess a
whether Endoscopic vidian
ecological effects (air
critical evaluations on chronic
relationship between digestive
neurectomy could be used to
pollution) on the individuals
conditions and comorbidities
diseases (DD) and allergic
manage allergic rhinitis
affected by AR infection.
among AR patients.
rhinitis (AR).
infection.
Results/Findings of the research
Evaluations collected within
Evaluations within the paper
Evaluations and projections
Projections within a given
the article signified a close
signified that endoscopic
within a given article signify
article show that chronic
BUSI 418
connection between the DD
vidian neurectomy imaging
that environmental factors tend
conditions and comorbidities
and AR in both males and
had no role in the surgical
to have a significant adverse
are some essential traits that
females. Within the article,
management of AR infection.
effect on AR patients.
could be experienced or
some instances of topical
The research discovered 32
steroid care for AR infection
publications that fulfilled the
have been connected to DD
prerequisites out of 1012. The
infection.
observed observations of
diagnosed among AR patients.
patients were assessed in eight
studies performed before and
after the surgical procedure.
Dependent variable
The impact of allergic rhinitis
The evidence base for vidian
AR symptoms
neurectomy
Allergic rhinitis executive
summary
Independent variable
Gastrointestinal disorder
among young adults
Managing of rhinitis
International expert consensus
on the management of allergic
Clinical practice guideline
BUSI 418
rhinitis (AR).
Research Method
Quantitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
Mixed method
Research Design
Data from target populations
This study included 529
Meta-analysis was conducted
The systemic literature review
was extracted whereby 16,526
service users. All eight studies
on over 140 research articles.
adopted a transparent and
were men and 18,428 were
discovered that rhinorrhea
These articles projected a
explicit prior protocol in
women aged between 21to 30
enhanced drastically. Patients
series of evaluations that were
creating and formulating
years. These individuals were
with parched eyes were 24.63
used to assemble different
actionable statements. It
divided into two groups those
percent more prevalent than
projections regarding the topic
consisted of a Guideline
with AR and those without.
those who did not have them
of interest.
development group that
There was a study of other
(272 out of 1104 cases). There
incorporated 20-panel
types of DD that include peptic were no reports of eye mobility
members. These members
ulcers, functional intestinal
issues or cranial neuronal
represented experts in different
infection, constipation, and
difficulties.
clinical industries. Other
many more. The rate of each
academic studies were also
BUSI 418
DD among the two groups was
incorporated to provide an
compared.
extensive analysis and
evaluation of the research.
How was the data collected?
Cohort studies
Through a systemic literature
Through a meta-analysis
Through a systemic literature
review of the study
process of the previous
review
projections and reports from
other medical experts
Sample
A countrywide database had
Only 32 of the 1012 articles
140 articles were used while
Guideline Development Group
16 526 men and 18 438women
Found in the search met the
formulating the response in a
that had consisted of 20-panel
aged 21 to 30
eligibility requirements for
given research
members.
this study.
Biblical Integration
“He stretched out his
“Surely he has borne our
“Who forgives all your
“A joyful heart is a good
message, restored them,
griefs and carried our
iniquity, who heals all your
medicine, but a crushed
BUSI 418
and saved them from
sorrows; yet we esteemed
diseases” (English Standard
spirit dries up the bones.”
disaster.” (Psalm 107:20,
him stricken, smitten by
Version Bible, 2001, Psalm
(English Standard Version
English Standard Version
God, and afflicted” (English
103:3). This remark illustrates
Bible, 2001, Proverbs
Bible, 2001). This remark
Standard Version Bible,
how everyone is affected by
17:22). This phrase is
says that if someone utilizes 2001, Isaiah 53:4). This
environmental factors but that
meant to communicate the
topical steroids, your
aphorism assumes that if
everyone subsequently
idea that regardless of how
ailment will probably heal
individuals have an issue
recovers and recovers to
awful things look, if you
quickly, and you will not
and imaging is required to
normalcy.
remain optimistically,
need them anymore.
describe it, you ought to
everything will turn out.
have it performed.
References
Article 1
Ho, S. W., Lin, C. P., & Ku, M. S. (2020). The impact of allergic rhinitis on gastrointestinal disorders among young
adults. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 26(1), 242-247.
Article 2
Marshak, T., Yun, W. K., Hazout, C., Sacks, R., & Harvey, R. J. (2016). A systematic review of the evidence base for
BUSI 418
vidian neurectomy in managing rhinitis. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 130(S4), S7-S28.
Article 3
Naclerio, R., Ansotegui, I. J., Bousquet, J., Canonica, G. W., d’Amato, G., Rosario, N., … & Rouadi, P. (2020).
International expert consensus on the management of allergic rhinitis (AR) aggravated by air pollutants: impact
of air pollution on patients with AR: current knowledge and future strategies. World Allergy Organization
Journal, 13(3), 100106.
Article 4
Seidman, M. D., Gurgel, R. K., Lin, S. Y., Schwartz, S. R., Baroody, F. M., Bonner, J. R., … & Nnacheta, L. C. (2015).
Clinical practice guideline: allergic rhinitis executive summary. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,
152(2), 197-206.
Version of Online standard version bible
Bible
Levels of Evidence Grading Rubric | BUSI418_B01_202240
Criteria
Articles
Ratings
Points
20 to >17.0 pts
17 to >13.0 pts
13 to >0.0 pts
0 pts
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not
Present
The 4 articles chosen in
Module/Week 2 are
utilized. (Or replacements
as approved by Professor
if original article(s) did not
meet criteria)
Only 3 articles chosen in
Module/Week 2 are
utilized. (Or replacements
as approved by Professor if
original article(s) did not
meet criteria)
Only 1 or 2 articles chosen
in Module/Week 2 are
utilized. (Or replacements
as approved by Professor
if original article(s) did not
meet criteria)
20 to >17.0 pts
17 to >13.0 pts
13 to >0.0 pts
0 pts
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not
Present
An appropriate level of
evidence for all 4 articles
is identified.
An appropriate level of
evidence for 3 of the
articles is identified.
An appropriate level of
evidence for 1 or 2 of the
articles is identified.
30 to >26.0 pts
26 to >20.0 pts
20 to >0.0 pts
0 pts
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not
Present
A summary synthesis of
the reason the level of
evidence was chosen for
each of the 4 articles is
provided.
A summary synthesis of
the reason the level of
evidence was chosen for 3
of the articles is provided.
A summary synthesis of
the reason the level of
evidence was chosen for 1
or 2 of the articles is
provided.
APA
15 to >13.0 pts
Format,
Grammar,
Advanced
Spelling, &
Punctuation References or citation for
Bible are in correct APA
format with only 1 or 2
minor error(s) in grammar,
spelling, or punctuation.
13 to >10.0 pts
10 to >0.0 pts
0 pts
Proficient
Developing
Not
Present
References, citation for
Bible, grammar, spelling, or
punctuation with 3 – 5
errors of any kind.
References, citation for
Bible, grammar, spelling,
or punctuation with 6 – 9
errors of any kind.
Biblical
Integration
15 to >13.0 pts
13 to >10.0 pts
10 to >0.0 pts
0 pts
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not
Present
Scripture and/or Christian
World View-related
statement(s) included with
comprehensive
explanation of how it is
integrated into the
assignment
Scripture and/or Christian
World View-related
statement(s) included
without a fully developed
explanation of how it is
integrated into the
assignment
Scripture and/or Christian
World View-related
statement(s) included with
no explanation of how it is
integrated into the
assignment
Evidence
Summary
20 pts
20 pts
30 pts
15 pts
15 pts
Total Points: 100

Purchase answer to see full
attachment