Final Project Total Marks: 15 Semester / Year: Spring-2021 Submission Due Date: 25/04/2021

4-bit Digital to Analog and Analog-to-Digital Converters In this project, you need to design and simulate a low-cost 4-bit D/A and A/D circuits. You

should satisfy the following design specifications.

The 4-bit D/A converter can be designed using either:

1. R-2R Ladder

2. Binary Weighted Resistors

The logic levels 0 and 1 should be represented as voltages of 0 and 5V, respectively. The

maximum analog output voltage of 7.5 V is allowed for a digital input of “1111”.

The second part of this project is to design a 4-bit analog to digital converter using either:

1. Flash ADC.

2. Dual-slope ADC.

3. Ladder-network ADC.

The 4-bit A/D circuit should exhibit a reverse operation to the designed D/A, meaning that

the input ranges from 0 to 7.5 V and the output logic bits ‘1’ and ‘0’ are represented using

5V and 0V, respectively. The A/D sampling frequency is required to be 10 kHz.

Verify the A/D and D/A circuits in Multisim by connecting a 10 kHz sine wave input from

a signal generator to the A/D circuit, connecting the A/D digital output to the D/A digital

input, and displaying the A/D analog input and the D/A analog output on the Multisim

oscilloscope or using transient time analysis.

Your report should follow a standard report format and include but not limited to:

1. A Cover Page with student names, IDs, and Section numbers.

2. Design process details and calculations.

3. Full circuit schematic.

4. Appropriate images and annotations that illustrate the output function on Multisim.

5. Comments on the simulation results

6. Task distribution among students in the group.

The assignments will be graded according to the following criteria:

1. Satisfying the design specifications and constraints which is low-cost.

2. Correct functionality must be shown with simulation.

3. Report is well-structured, neat, tidy, and legible.

4. The project is your own work with no plagiarism.