Nanccy Jesudasan Anxiety-Uncertainty Management theory 1. Maclntyre, P. D. (2019). Anxiety/Uncertainty Management and Communication. Accommodation in Women’s Brief Dyadic Conversations With a Stranger: AnIdiodynamic Approach, 1-18. 2. Rui, J. R., & Wang, H. (n.d.). Computers in human behavior. Social Network Sites and International Students’ Cross-cultural Adaptation, 1-680. 3. Gudykunst, W. B. (1998). International journal of intercultural relations. Applying Anxietyuncertainty Management (AUM) Theory to Intercultural Adjustment Training, 227-250. 1 Anxiety-Uncertainty Management Theory Nanccy Jesudasan UTA COMM 3315 Professor P.Smith 03/10/20201 2 Anxiety-Uncertainty Management Theory The Anxiety-Uncertainty Management Theory was developed by William Gudykunst in 1985. However, the theory was only an extension of the uncertainty reduction theory that had been earlier proposed by Calabrese and Berger in 1975. The theory was developed as a tool that could be used to further define human communication. William Gudykunst opined that human beings effectively communicated after determining that their anxiety and uncertainty in social situations were similar (Gudykunst, 1998). The Anxiety-Uncertainty Management Theory (AUM) made improvements to the Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT). It used the framework under which URT was founded and used these observations on human communication to develop the AUM theory. While the URT was based on thought processes among human beings as factors that affect socialization, the AUM focused on how the reduction in anxiety and uncertainty affects socialization. Ideally, the AUM theory looked at how uncertainty and anxiety affect cultural adaptation among human beings during their day-to-day interactions. Gudykunst (1998), made certain assumptions while developing the theory. The major assumption was that in any intercultural interactions between people, at least one of them could be described as a stranger. The stranger was the one most likely to suffer from anxiety and uncertainty since they would not know how to talk and behave in the company of strangers. The stranger would also be hyper-aware and notice the distinct cultural difference between the multi-cultural parties involved in the interaction. This in turn leads them to overestimate the impact the cultural differences will have on their interactions. This practical approach by Gudykunst (1998) made the AUM have a higher utility degree. It included 3 numerous axioms converging on each other. The axioms moved in a direction that showed effective communication. The AUM was not meant to be a fixed theory and has undergone several changes over the years to make it more accurate. Scope of the Anxiety-Uncertainty Management Theory in Communication Ideally, the AUM focused on the four levels of communication. These levels are individual, intergroup, cultural, and interpersonal. For any communication to occur, human beings have to be motivated at the individual level. This influences the way an individual creates and interprets a message. It also determines how they will react to the other party or parties involved in the communication. Therefore, the individual levels of communication affect self-conceptualization and inclusion in communication. At the interpersonal level, communication is usually between two individuals. The communication is based on one-on-one interaction. This leads to the formation of the intimate relationship between individuals and social networks (Maclntyre, 2019). As pointed out by Gudykunst in the AUM theory, the communication will depend on the familiarity of the two individuals in the communication. Ideally, AUM theory strives to predict the communication behavior between two individuals. The type of behavior exhibited by the individuals during interpersonal communication greatly determines if they will be able to form relationships and communicate effectively. Inter-group level entails interactions and exchange of messages between human beings in a collective way. In inter-group level communication, human beings form groups depending on different factors like common social identities and level of self-esteem. Ideally, the objective is to have a social grouping where all the individuals within the group feel comfortable communicating with each other. In retrospect, inter-group level communication 4 entails communication as a collective unit where the message reflects what the group thinks and not necessarily what an individual thinks or behaves. At the cultural level, the communication level is defined by the cultural beliefs between the parties interacting. This means that cultural variability plays a critical role in determining how effectively people will communicate. The AUM theory’s main focus is on the intergroup and interpersonal levels of communication. The Axioms developed by Gudykunst categorize communication by fitting them into intergroup or interpersonal levels of communication. The theory uses the type of behavior exhibited by the communicating parties. It also uses axioms to predict some of the behaviors that will be exhibited by the communicating parties. Similarly, these behaviors can be defined under cultural or psychological factors (Maclntyre, 2019). If the communications behaviors can be defined under the sociological or cultural norms, then the communication level is most likely to be an inter-group. On the other hand, if the communication behavior is best defined under psychological factors, then the communication level is most likely to be inter-personal communication. Additionally, AUM also uses a second method to differentiate the communication level. When the behavior is influenced by human factors or personal behavior, then interpersonal communication behavior will most likely be prevalent. When social factors are the main factors that influence communication behavior, then the inter-group communication behaviors will most likely occur. However, this works with the assumption that all the basic processes involved during communication are similar across different cultures and social groupings. Recently, the AUM had to contend with the effects of technology in communication. When the theory was being developed, communication was based on the traditional forms. The advent of social media meant that strangers were now more mindful and able to freely 5 discuss problematic issues than the traditional intergroup members. This changed the dynamic of intergroup communication behaviors (Rui & Wang, n.d.). 6 References Maclntyre, P. D. (2019). Anxiety/Uncertainty Management and Communication. Accommodation in Women’s Brief Dyadic Conversations With a Stranger: AnIdiodynamic Approach, 1-18. Rui, J. R., & Wang, H. (n.d.). Computers in human behavior. Social Network Sites and International Students’ Cross-cultural Adaptation, 1-680. Gudykunst, W. B. (1998). International journal of intercultural relations. Applying Anxietyuncertainty Management (AUM) Theory to Intercultural Adjustment Training, 227-250.

Mastering the Art of Online Learning: Your Guide to Acing Online Courses

Introduction

In recent years, the popularity of online courses has skyrocketed, offering learners the flexibility to acquire new skills and knowledge from the comfort of their homes. However, succeeding in online courses requires a different approach compared to traditional classroom settings. To help you make the most of your online learning experience, this article presents essential strategies and tips to ace your online courses.

1. Set Clear Goals and Plan Ahead

Before embarking on an online course, establish clear goals and objectives. Determine what you hope to achieve by the end of the course and break down your goals into manageable milestones. Create a study schedule that aligns with your other commitments, ensuring you allocate dedicated time for coursework, assignments, and revision.

2. Create a Productive Study Environment

Establishing a conducive study environment is crucial for online learning success. Find a quiet, well-lit space where you can concentrate without distractions. Remove any potential interruptions, such as notifications from social media or email. Organize your study materials and have a reliable internet connection to ensure seamless access to course materials.

3. Actively Engage in the Course

Active participation is key to mastering online courses. Engage with course materials, including videos, readings, and interactive components. Take comprehensive notes, highlighting key concepts and ideas. Participate in discussion boards, forums, and virtual meetings to interact with instructors and peers, fostering a sense of community and enhancing your understanding of the subject matter.

4. Manage Your Time Effectively

Online courses offer flexibility, but it’s essential to manage your time wisely to avoid falling behind. Create a detailed schedule, allocating specific time slots for coursework, assignments, and studying. Break down larger tasks into smaller, manageable segments to prevent procrastination. Prioritize tasks based on deadlines and dedicate focused time to each one, ensuring consistent progress throughout the course.

5. Develop Effective Communication Skills

Online courses often rely on written communication, making it crucial to hone your skills in this area. Be concise and clear in your written responses, paying attention to grammar and spelling. Actively participate in discussions, asking thoughtful questions and providing constructive feedback to your peers. Regularly check your course emails and notifications, ensuring you stay updated with any important announcements or changes.

6. Utilize Available Resources

Take full advantage of the resources provided by your online course platform and instructors. Familiarize yourself with the learning management system (LMS) and explore its features. Access supplementary materials, such as textbooks, lecture slides, and external resources recommended by instructors. Utilize online libraries, research databases, and tutorial services to deepen your understanding of the subject matter.

7. Stay Motivated and Engaged

Maintaining motivation throughout an online course can be challenging, particularly when faced with competing priorities or a lack of face-to-face interaction. Set short-term goals and reward yourself upon their completion. Connect with fellow learners through virtual study groups or online forums to foster a sense of camaraderie. Regularly remind yourself of the benefits and personal growth associated with completing the course successfully.

8. Seek Support and Clarification

Don’t hesitate to seek support or clarification when needed. Reach out to your instructors for guidance or clarification on course material. Utilize online discussion forums to ask questions or engage in collaborative problem-solving. Leverage the support services provided by your course platform or institution, such as technical support or academic advising.

Conclusion

Online courses present unique opportunities for self-paced learning and personal growth. By setting clear goals, creating a productive study environment, actively engaging with course materials, and managing your time effectively, you can maximize your chances of acing online courses. Remember to stay motivated, seek support when needed, and make the most of the available resources. Embrace the flexibility and adaptability of online learning to achieve your educational goals.