Watch the TedTalk How to Avoid Death by PowerPoint before you begin. Your PowerPoint should have slides corresponding to each section of the speech. Keep the slides to a minimum – 10 or less is just fine. Don’t include large paragraphs – bullets, fragments, and phrases are best for PowerPoint presentation. Use visually compelling images that match the textual information. Include quotes or paraphrases and the source when you refer to information that is not common knowledge. Keep it simple and clean. Include a works cited or reference slide at the end. 1 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Reducing Inequality within and among Countries Name: Carina Perez Hernandez Institution: MDC 2 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Reduce Inequality Within and Among Countries Introduction Inequality is a global challenge globally and continues to be an essential concern despite the progress and efforts of reducing gaps of opportunities like income and power among many nations. Attention Getter: The world has put a tremendous measure to curb inequality by treating unequal things equal. Reason to listen: Despite the several and diverse standards used to measure equality like gender, race, class and religion, inequality is still dominant in many countries. A. Thesis Statement: Inequality continues to ravage the social, economic, and political problems in the world since the 1960s and will continue for many years in the twentyfirst century. It’s time these nations do something about it. So, what should the world do to curb the menace of racial, social and gender-based injustices? i. Inequality against race Racial discrimination is the most effective form of inequality. Discrimination against race started way back in the mid-eighteenth century during the slave trade; blacks were seen to be the best in providing cheap and sometimes forced labor in the white settlers’ farms. Racial prejudice is still present today in sectors that drive the economy, like in education and employment. If all the people in the entire world don’t stand up and address race issues, inequality will still be a normal condition in the world. Education plays a significant role in the fight against inequality; people get information on the dangers of racial prejudice and social injustices (Carpentier, Kozul-Wright & Passos, 2015). Worse to note is that academic achievements do not equalize racial discrimination in terms of available opportunities. For 3 example, white graduates are guaranteed a minimum annual payment that is higher than that of African Americans. Transition: After discussing the primary roots of inequality, It is important to show the effects of inequality on the economy: large gender pay and income gaps reduces economic growth ii. Policies that are put in place to fight inequality All these types of discrimination must be reduced for a better world by putting policies in place to fight different inequalities. The pay equity act is one of the policy measures that address unequal pay for female and black workers carrying out similar tasks as their male and white counterparts (Costanza et al., 2016). The equity considers job segregation because female jobs are not valued as the male-dominated sectors in the past. Therefore, the pay equity bills advocate for equal pay for all worker irrespective of gender and race. The employer can also use the minimum wage to pay workers regarding the value they add to a business, regardless of their race, gender or religion. Most female workers also lose their job due to parental responsibilities through enforcement of paid parental leave to prevent them from work-related penalties for having a family (Blackstone, 2010). iii. Recommendations To completely curb all forms of prejudice and discrimination, all governments should develop standardized and identical learning curriculum for all the schools. Most governments have continued to show support to the disadvantaged groups in learning institutions by providing scholarships and other resources. They should create equal opportunity for all to discover and address discrimination in the various institutions by incorporating racial disparities surveys to create awareness. The federal government must also ensure that productivity is proportional to wage growth to reduce workers’ exploitation, mostly from 4 minor races. The hire office positions should also be reserved for minor races to eradicate inequality. Conclusion Inequalities and other discrimination exist in modern society due to factors that bring differences in people’s social and economic standards. These standards affect demographic population distribution. Inequality among countries is a persistent cause for concern, and its reduction can ensure an integral achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. 5 References ANDREW WEAR. (2020). Solved; how other Countries Cracked the World’s biggest problems (and we can too). LONDON: ONEWORLD PUBLICATIONS. Blackstone, W. (2010). Commentaries on the laws of England, in four books. [Place of publication not identified]: Nabu Press. Carpentier, C., Kozul-Wright, R., & Passos, F. (2015). Reduce inequality within and among countries. UN Chronicle, 51(4), 23-25. Doi: 10.18356/26a2d377-en. Costanza, R., Daly, L., Fioramonti, L., Giovannini, E., Kubiszewski, I., Mortensen, L. F., … & Wilkinson, R. (2016). Modelling and measuring sustainable wellbeing in connection with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Ecological Economics, 130, 350-355. Costanza, R., Fioramonti, L., & Kubiszewski, I. (2016). The UN Sustainable Development Goals and the dynamics of well?being. Wooten, M., & Couloute, L. (2017). The production of racial inequality within and among organizations. Sociology Compass, 11(1), e12446. Doi: 10.1111/soc4.12446. How to Give a Persuasive Speech A persuasive speech is a presentation that aims to change others by prompting them to think, feel, or act differently. • change people’s attitudes, • change the strength towards or against people, policies, or ideas • change how people act Characteristics of Persuasive Speech 1) Persuasive speaking is ‘interactive.’ an engagement between a speaker and a listener 2) Persuasion is NOT the same as coercion, or force. not force them to do ? be artistic 3) Persuasive impact is usually gradual, or incremental. Three Cornerstones of Persuasion Three forms of proof, or reasons people believe (by Aristotle) 1. Ethos — the perceived personal character of the speaker 2. Pathos — emotional proofs, or reasons to believe in something 3. Logos — rational or logical proofs ETHOS ‘The perceived personal character of the speaker’ Listeners think or perceive that: – you have integrity, credibility – you can be trusted – you have goodwill toward them – you know what you’re talking about – you are committed to the topic (show enthusiasm and be dynamic) PATHOS ‘Emotional reasons to believe in something’ Listeners need to not only understand your ideas but also feel something about them. How: ? Personalize the issue problem, topic ? Appeal to listeners’ needs and values ? Bring material alive LOGOS ‘Rational or logical proofs’ Logical proofs = arguments, reasoning, and evidence to support claims Evidence = examples, testimony, statistics, analogies, visual aids, and etc. Building Credibility Credibility = Ethos A willingness of others to believe that a person has personal integrity, is positively disposed toward them, and can be trusted. Credibility is not a static quality. It can change, increase or decrease, as a result of a speech. Types of Credibility 1) Initial credibility = expertise and trustworthiness listeners recognize BEFORE a presentation (based on positions, achievements, experiences) 2) Derived credibility = expertise and trustworthiness listeners recognize as a result of how speakers communicate during a presentation 3) Terminal credibility = credible speakers have at the end of a presentation (cumulative expertise, goodwill, and trustworthiness listeners recognize in a speaker) How to build credibility 1. State your qualification 2. Show that you care about listeners 3. Appeal to listeners’ emotions 4. Reason carefully 5. Use effective and ethical supporting materials 6. Use verbal and nonverbal communication to show that you care about the topic 7. Respond to questions with open-mindedness and fairness Principles of Speech Organization ?Introduction should capture audience’s attention, provide clear thesis statement, preview what you will cover. ? Internal summaries of main points should be provided. ?Smooth transitions between points and parts of a speech are needed. ?Body should be organized to reinforce thesis and show unity of ideas. ?Conclusion should summarize main points and end with strong closing statements. ‘Motivated Sequence Pattern’ Attention — ‘Pay attention. This is important to you.’ Need — ‘Something is wrong and something must be done about it.’ Satisfaction — ‘What I have to offer is the way to solve the problem.’ Visualization — ‘This is how my plan will work to solve the problem; and if you accept my solution, things will be much better.’ Action — ‘Take action!’ Persuasive Speech Outline I. Begin with an Attention Step that is an – Opening statement of interest (use one or more of the following): A rhetorical question A startling statement A quotation An illustration or story A reference to the subject A reference to the occasion – Motivate audience interest in your subject by alluding to: (use one or more of the following): The practical value of the information for your audience A reason to listen The audience’s sense of curiosity Establish your credibility by: Alluding to any first-hand experience you may have had Alluding to sources of information you have consulted II. Show there is a need To urge a change-point out what’s wrong with present conditions To demand preservation of present conditions-point out the danger of a change The Need Step is developed by: Illustration: Tell of one or more incidents to illustrate the need Ramifications: Employ as many additional facts, examples, and quotations as are required to make the need convincingly impressive. Pointing: Show its importance to the individuals in the audience. III. Present a solution The Solution is developed by: (use one or more of the following): Statement of solution: a brief statement of the attitude, belief, or action you wish the audience to adopt. Explanation: Make sure that your proposal is understood. Theoretical demonstration: show how the solution logically and adequately meets the need pointed out in the need step, point-bypoint! Practical experience: actual examples showing where this proposal has worked effectively or where the belief has proven correct. Meeting objections: forestall opposition by showing how your proposal overcomes any objections which might be raised. IV. Help your audience visualize the future The visualization step must stand the test of reality. The conditions you describe must be at least realistic. The more vividly you make the situation seem, the stronger will be the reaction of the audience. There are three methods of visualizing the future (use one or more of the following): Positive: Describe the conditions if your solution is actually carried out. Picture the listeners in that situation actually enjoying the safety, pleasure, or pride that your proposal will produce. Negative: Describe conditions if your solution is not carried out. Picture the audience feeling the bad effects or unpleasantness that the failure to effect your solution will produce. Contrast: Combination of 1 and 2. Begin with the negative method (undesirable situation) and conclude with the positive method (desirable solution). V. Conclude with the Action Step developed by (use one or more of the following): •Restatement of main idea and summary of main points. •Statement of specific action or attitude change you want from the audience. •A statement of your personal intent to take the course of action or attitude recommended. •A concluding statement to recapture interest (a reason to remember). General Presentation Skills Finding the right register: Getting the right balance between formality and informality in a presentation is very tricky. • • • • • • Avoid colloquialisms (‘sort of’ or ‘kinda’) Try to avoid erms and ums You want your audience to respect you, not like you. Try to speak more slowly than you would normally. Use pauses for emphasis (as opposed to raising your voice) Don’t let your voice fade away at the end of sentences. General Presentation Skills Reduce Anxiety The easiest way to reduce anxiety is to have a well prepared and well rehearsed presentation. However, if nerves are still a problem, try the following… • Visualisation: Imagine yourself giving a brilliant presentation. • Breath deeply. • Relax muscles / Release tension. • Take a script which you can read if all else fails. • Do something else really stressful just before…(drastic, but works!) General Presentation Skills Know your audience: Ensure you tailor your presentation appropriately, depending on the audience makeup. Do they know a lot or a little about the issue, do they generally support or oppose the issue. A good general rule is that it pays to keep things simple. General Presentation Skills Preparing your presentation: • Use Powerpoint (or handouts) • If using powerpoint, don’t use anything less than a 24pt font. • Aim for about 8 slides for a 15 minute talk. • Do not put more than 4 or 5 pieces of information on each slide. • Make sure the slide contains information which will prompt you to make the points you want to make. Practice • Practice giving the presentation to a friendly audience and ask them for honest and constructive criticism. • Finishing on time is very important, and requires practice. • So practice out loud on your own with a clock. Some general tips • Make eye contact. • Talk clearly to the back of the audience. • Don’t mumble the ends of sentences. • Be enthusiastic (or pretend…) • Ask someone in the audience to warn you when you have two minutes left or wear a watch and pay attention to the time. • The only way it gets better is to give more talks. Tips for handling questions • Repeat questions for the benefit of the audience (and to give yourself extra thinking time). • Be honest when answering questions, especially if you have no idea of the answer. • Don’t be afraid to ask the questioner to be clearer. • Don’t be afraid or ashamed to let someone else in the room answer the question. Seek first to understand, then to be understood. Stephen Covey History will have to record that the greatest tragedy of this period of social transition was not the strident clamor of the bad people, but the appalling silence of the good people. Martin Luther King, Jr. Purchase answer to see full attachment Tags: powerpoint Persuasive Speech sustainable development goals United Nations reducing inequality User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool’s honor code & terms of service.