NAME Click or tap here to enter text. SECTION
PARTNER(S) Click or tap here to enter text.
DATE
SEPARATIONS I: BASIC TECHNIQUES
This activity is designed to introduce you to a variety of techniques useful for separating mixtures and the
reasons why a particular technique is used for a given mixture. By the end of the lab, you will be
responsible for determining the most appropriate techniques for mixtures with particular characteristics.
PRE-LAB QUERIES
1. You are presented with a container of grey powder. Discuss how you can tell if it is a mixture
or a pure substance.
Click or tap here to enter text.
2. Describe how you would accomplish the following separations:
a. salt and pepper
Click or tap here to enter text.
b. egg white from unbroken egg yolk
Click or tap here to enter text.
c. colored beads by color
Click or tap here to enter text.
3. Classify the following as homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures.
Choose an item. Choose an item. Choose an item.
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 200323
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
2
INTRODUCTION
One characteristic that distinguishes a mixture from a pure substance is the ability to separate the
mixture into its components by simple physical means. Whether a mixture is homogeneous or
heterogeneous, its components will have properties that can be used to affect this separation.
Some of the properties that can aid in the isolation of components are: particle size; color;
density; solubility in water; ability to sublime; and magnetism. You will take advantage of
these properties during the procedures below.
PROCEDURE
You will be rotating from station to station in the laboratory to perform each of the separations that
follow. For each mixture used you are to record the following information in the data
section before you begin that mixture :
detailed physical description of the original mixture; include whether it is homogeneous
(same throughout) or heterogeneous;
approach you might take to separate the mixture based on your visual inspection.
When you are finished the separation you must record:
description of separated components
Watch the videos associated with each section before attempting to answer the questions.
For sections 1, 4, and 7 you can use the materials found in your home in order to perform
the experiment
Materials
Dry rice Coffee filters Small pot
Table Salt Black Pepper Clear plastic/ glass cup
Black Pen Flour Filtered/ bottled water
Mesh strainer Measuring cup
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
3
1a. Make Mixture 1 by combining 1 tablespoon of dry rice with 1 tablespoon of table salt and
mixing well in a small bowl. Obtain one tablespoon of Mixture 1 a small clear cup. What does
Mixture 1 look like? After completing the visual inspection, add approximately 28
mL(convert to ounces) of water to the mixture. Agitate the contents to insure complete
mixing.
What does this new mixture with the water mixture look like?
Click or tap here to enter text.
Has anything happened to the original mixture? Explain.
Click or tap here to enter text.
After allowing any material to settle, carefully pour off the water collecting it in a small pan.
Keep the solid component in the glass cup. What do you think is the identity of the solid
left in the test tube?
Click or tap here to enter text.
This technique that separates a liquid from an insoluble solid by carefully pouring off the
liquid is called decanting or decantation.
Now heat the water solution in the dish to dryness on a hot plate.
What is the purpose of the heating?
Click or tap here to enter text.
What is the identity of the solid remaining in the dish?
Click or tap here to enter text.
Why do you think the solid did not evaporate away?
Click or tap here to enter text.
Record the characteristics of the isolated components in the data section. You have just
done a separation through evaporation of one component.
PLACE ISOLATED MATERIALS IN THE PROPER WASTE CONTAINERS.
1b. Obtain one scoop of Mixture 1 and place it in a clear cup. Add water as before and mix.
Set up a filtration apparatus as shown here.
Below is an illustration on how to fold the filter paper for use in
the funnel.
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
4
Pour the entire contents of the tube into the funnel.
Collect the liquid passing through the funnel in a pan.
Rinse the material in the funnel with a few milliliters of distilled water and collect the additional
liquid in the same evaporating dish.
Why do you rinse the filter paper while it is in the funnel? Click or tap here to enter text.
This separation process is called gravity filtration. The liquid in the evaporating dish is
called the filtrate. What is the composition of the filtrate? Is it a pure substance or a
mixture?
Click or tap here to enter text.
Place the dish on a hot plate and evaporate off the water. Describe the isolated mixture
components as before. Dispose of waste in the proper containers.
Why might you choose to use gravity filtration rather than decantation?
Click or tap here to enter text.
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anaCLlmBSzg
Obtain one small scoop of Mixture 2 (black sand and iron filings, Fe) and place it in a
massing boat. Record the description and proposed technique for separation.
Obtain a small magnet in a plastic bag. Do not remove the magnet from the plastic bag!
Pass the covered magnet over and/or through the mixture until no more change occurs.
What is the identity of the material adhering to the magnet?
Click or tap here to enter text.
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
5
Record the description of the isolated materials.
This technique you just used is referred to as magnetic separation.
PLACE THE ISOLATED MATERIALS IN THE APPROPRIATE WASTE
CONTAINER.
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xkrcWIx9og4
If you were to take one small scoop of Mixture 3 (ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, and
table salt, NaCl) and place it in a medium test tube. Add approximately 5 mL of
distilled water and mix well.
What do you predict will happen? Click or tap here to enter text.
Why would this happen?? Click or tap here to enter text.
If you were to take another small scoop of Mixture 3 (ammonium chloride and table
salt) and place it in a small, DRY 150 mL beaker; cover the dish with a watch glass
and place the covered beaker on a hot plate and heat on a high setting.
What do you predict will happen?
Click or tap here to enter text.
This separation used a process involved a process called sublimation. A
substance that converts from a solid directly to a gas at a low temperature is
said to sublime.
From your experience, which of the two components of Mixture 3 sublimed?
Click or tap here to enter text.
.
4. Obtain a clear plastic cup, pre-cut straw, and a pre-cut
strip of paper. Place about 1 cm of distilled water in the
bottom of the cup and balance the straw on the top edge.
Cut one end of the strip in a V shape. Fold the top edge
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
6
so that the point of the V will be in the water when the
paper hangs from the straw. DO NOT PUT THE
PAPER IN THE WATER AT THIS TIME.
Place a small spot of Mixture 4 (ink from a marker or pen) on the paper at a point
that will be just above the water level when placed in the cup. You may do this
with different pens and see if you get the same results. It is important that no
part of the spot be submerged when you begin.
Carefully hang the paper from the straw so that the point is now in the water. Allow the
separation to proceed, observing occasionally, until you can identify and describe distinct
components in the mixture.
Why is this separation occurring? Click or tap here to enter text.
When the separation is complete, remove and dry the paper. Dry and replace the cup
and straw.
Record the description of the components.
This technique which separates components based on their relative attraction to moving
and non-moving phases is called paper chromatography.
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqNGW0oOXE4
Imagine you work at a bowling alley and wanted to separate the bowling balls. Describe
what you would do and what you would expect to happen. Click or tap here to enter text.
What property is being used to make this technique work? Click or tap here to enter text.
What must be true about the solubility of all the components of the mixture so the
flotation technique will work?
Click or tap here to enter text.
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
7
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qt2OZsuL2vQ
Take 1 tablespoon of flour and 1 tablespoon of rice and mix them together. How
would you be able to separate theses from each other again?
Click or tap here to enter text.
Pour your mixture into a mesh strainer. Shake the mixture over a bowl to catch any
material that passes through. Which material is in the bowl and which is in the strainer?
Click or tap here to enter text.
IT IS IMPORTANT THAT YOU DO NOT RUB THE SCREEN OR ATTEMPT
TO FORCE MATERIAL THROUGH. THIS DISTORTS AND DESTROYS
THE SIEVE.
This technique which separates using devices with varying pore sizes is called sieving.
Observe the three components and record their descriptions.
Name another three component mixture that could be separated by sieving. Click or tap here to enter text.
7. Put a teaspoon of black pepper into a clear cup of water. Describe what happens. Click or tap here to enter text.
Based on the results above how would you separate a mixture of dry rice and pepper? Click or tap here to enter text.
Would you achieve an effective or ineffective separation? Explain.
Click or tap here to enter text.
BE SURE YOU HAVE COMPLETED THE DATA SHEET FOR ALL MIXTURES
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
8
DATA
Note: Description must include what the substance or mixture it looks like, not just its
chemical composition.
Mixture Description of Original Mixture
(include whether it is homogeneous
or heterogeneous)
Description of Component
(after separation)
1
Part a
Click or tap here to enter text. Click or tap here to enter text.
1
Part b
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text. Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text. Click or tap here to enter text.
4
Click or tap here to enter text. Click or tap here to enter text.
5 Click or tap here to enter text. Click or tap here to enter text.
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
9
Mixture Description of Original Mixture
(include whether it is homogeneous
or heterogeneous)
Description of Component
(after separation)
6
6
Click or tap here to enter text. Click or tap here to enter text.
7 Click or tap here to enter text. Click or tap here to enter text.
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
10
CONCLUSIONS
For each type of mixture below, supply the technique used in this activity which is most efficient for
separating the mixture.
MIXTURE TECHNIQUE
two water insoluble compounds with different densities Click or tap here to enter text.
one water soluble compound and one water insoluble compound Click or tap here to enter text.
magnetic element and non-magnetic compound Click or tap here to enter text.
solid compound that vaporizes at low temperature and solid non-
evaporating compound
Click or tap here to enter text.
two water soluble, colored components Click or tap here to enter text.
two components that have different particle sizes Click or tap here to enter text.
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
11
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
1. Making coffee or tea requires hot water to remove soluble components from the grounds or
leaves. This is a separation process called extraction, removing a soluble component from
solid material. What other separation technique is used to prepare the coffee or tea to drink?
Explain.
Click or tap here to enter text.
2. Name and explain and the techniques used in each of the following processes:
a. removing pasta from boiling water
Click or tap here to enter text.
b. purifying air that is used in a car engine
Click or tap here to enter text.
c. pouring excess water from a container of ice
Click or tap here to enter text.
3. Prince George’s County operates a materials recovery facility for sorting commingled (mixed)
recyclables such as glass, steel cans, aluminum cans, and plastics. Suggest methods to separate
a mixture of this composition.
Click or tap here to enter text.
4. You have separated an insoluble white substance from a soluble blue substance by filtration.
The filter paper retains a blue color. Explain what possible error might occur and how you can
eliminate it
Click or tap here to enter text.
PRE-LAB QUERIES
INTRODUCTION
PROCEDURE
When you are finished the separation you must record:
Watch the videos associated with each section before attempting to answer the questions. For sections 1, 4, and 7 you can use the materials found in your home in order to perform the experiment
DATA
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
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Business & Finance
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Computer Science
Geography
Geology
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English
Environmental science
Spanish
Government
History
Human Resource Management
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Law
Literature
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Nursing
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Political Science
Psychology
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Social Science
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New Hampshire University
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CHEM ASSIGNMENT LAB
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SeparationsI-VIRTUAL.pdf
Home>Chemistry homework help>CHEM ASSIGNMENT LAB
NAME Click or tap here to enter text. SECTION
PARTNER(S) Click or tap here to enter text.
DATE
SEPARATIONS I: BASIC TECHNIQUES
This activity is designed to introduce you to a variety of techniques useful for separating mixtures and the
reasons why a particular technique is used for a given mixture. By the end of the lab, you will be
responsible for determining the most appropriate techniques for mixtures with particular characteristics.
PRE-LAB QUERIES
1. You are presented with a container of grey powder. Discuss how you can tell if it is a mixture
or a pure substance.
Click or tap here to enter text.
2. Describe how you would accomplish the following separations:
a. salt and pepper
Click or tap here to enter text.
b. egg white from unbroken egg yolk
Click or tap here to enter text.
c. colored beads by color
Click or tap here to enter text.
3. Classify the following as homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures.
Choose an item. Choose an item. Choose an item.
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 200323
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
2
INTRODUCTION
One characteristic that distinguishes a mixture from a pure substance is the ability to separate the
mixture into its components by simple physical means. Whether a mixture is homogeneous or
heterogeneous, its components will have properties that can be used to affect this separation.
Some of the properties that can aid in the isolation of components are: particle size; color;
density; solubility in water; ability to sublime; and magnetism. You will take advantage of
these properties during the procedures below.
PROCEDURE
You will be rotating from station to station in the laboratory to perform each of the separations that
follow. For each mixture used you are to record the following information in the data
section before you begin that mixture :
detailed physical description of the original mixture; include whether it is homogeneous
(same throughout) or heterogeneous;
approach you might take to separate the mixture based on your visual inspection.
When you are finished the separation you must record:
description of separated components
Watch the videos associated with each section before attempting to answer the questions.
For sections 1, 4, and 7 you can use the materials found in your home in order to perform
the experiment
Materials
Dry rice Coffee filters Small pot
Table Salt Black Pepper Clear plastic/ glass cup
Black Pen Flour Filtered/ bottled water
Mesh strainer Measuring cup
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
3
1a. Make Mixture 1 by combining 1 tablespoon of dry rice with 1 tablespoon of table salt and
mixing well in a small bowl. Obtain one tablespoon of Mixture 1 a small clear cup. What does
Mixture 1 look like? After completing the visual inspection, add approximately 28
mL(convert to ounces) of water to the mixture. Agitate the contents to insure complete
mixing.
What does this new mixture with the water mixture look like?
Click or tap here to enter text.
Has anything happened to the original mixture? Explain.
Click or tap here to enter text.
After allowing any material to settle, carefully pour off the water collecting it in a small pan.
Keep the solid component in the glass cup. What do you think is the identity of the solid
left in the test tube?
Click or tap here to enter text.
This technique that separates a liquid from an insoluble solid by carefully pouring off the
liquid is called decanting or decantation.
Now heat the water solution in the dish to dryness on a hot plate.
What is the purpose of the heating?
Click or tap here to enter text.
What is the identity of the solid remaining in the dish?
Click or tap here to enter text.
Why do you think the solid did not evaporate away?
Click or tap here to enter text.
Record the characteristics of the isolated components in the data section. You have just
done a separation through evaporation of one component.
PLACE ISOLATED MATERIALS IN THE PROPER WASTE CONTAINERS.
1b. Obtain one scoop of Mixture 1 and place it in a clear cup. Add water as before and mix.
Set up a filtration apparatus as shown here.
Below is an illustration on how to fold the filter paper for use in
the funnel.
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
4
Pour the entire contents of the tube into the funnel.
Collect the liquid passing through the funnel in a pan.
Rinse the material in the funnel with a few milliliters of distilled water and collect the additional
liquid in the same evaporating dish.
Why do you rinse the filter paper while it is in the funnel? Click or tap here to enter text.
This separation process is called gravity filtration. The liquid in the evaporating dish is
called the filtrate. What is the composition of the filtrate? Is it a pure substance or a
mixture?
Click or tap here to enter text.
Place the dish on a hot plate and evaporate off the water. Describe the isolated mixture
components as before. Dispose of waste in the proper containers.
Why might you choose to use gravity filtration rather than decantation?
Click or tap here to enter text.
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anaCLlmBSzg
Obtain one small scoop of Mixture 2 (black sand and iron filings, Fe) and place it in a
massing boat. Record the description and proposed technique for separation.
Obtain a small magnet in a plastic bag. Do not remove the magnet from the plastic bag!
Pass the covered magnet over and/or through the mixture until no more change occurs.
What is the identity of the material adhering to the magnet?
Click or tap here to enter text.
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
5
Record the description of the isolated materials.
This technique you just used is referred to as magnetic separation.
PLACE THE ISOLATED MATERIALS IN THE APPROPRIATE WASTE
CONTAINER.
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xkrcWIx9og4
If you were to take one small scoop of Mixture 3 (ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, and
table salt, NaCl) and place it in a medium test tube. Add approximately 5 mL of
distilled water and mix well.
What do you predict will happen? Click or tap here to enter text.
Why would this happen?? Click or tap here to enter text.
If you were to take another small scoop of Mixture 3 (ammonium chloride and table
salt) and place it in a small, DRY 150 mL beaker; cover the dish with a watch glass
and place the covered beaker on a hot plate and heat on a high setting.
What do you predict will happen?
Click or tap here to enter text.
This separation used a process involved a process called sublimation. A
substance that converts from a solid directly to a gas at a low temperature is
said to sublime.
From your experience, which of the two components of Mixture 3 sublimed?
Click or tap here to enter text.
.
4. Obtain a clear plastic cup, pre-cut straw, and a pre-cut
strip of paper. Place about 1 cm of distilled water in the
bottom of the cup and balance the straw on the top edge.
Cut one end of the strip in a V shape. Fold the top edge
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
6
so that the point of the V will be in the water when the
paper hangs from the straw. DO NOT PUT THE
PAPER IN THE WATER AT THIS TIME.
Place a small spot of Mixture 4 (ink from a marker or pen) on the paper at a point
that will be just above the water level when placed in the cup. You may do this
with different pens and see if you get the same results. It is important that no
part of the spot be submerged when you begin.
Carefully hang the paper from the straw so that the point is now in the water. Allow the
separation to proceed, observing occasionally, until you can identify and describe distinct
components in the mixture.
Why is this separation occurring? Click or tap here to enter text.
When the separation is complete, remove and dry the paper. Dry and replace the cup
and straw.
Record the description of the components.
This technique which separates components based on their relative attraction to moving
and non-moving phases is called paper chromatography.
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqNGW0oOXE4
Imagine you work at a bowling alley and wanted to separate the bowling balls. Describe
what you would do and what you would expect to happen. Click or tap here to enter text.
What property is being used to make this technique work? Click or tap here to enter text.
What must be true about the solubility of all the components of the mixture so the
flotation technique will work?
Click or tap here to enter text.
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
7
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qt2OZsuL2vQ
Take 1 tablespoon of flour and 1 tablespoon of rice and mix them together. How
would you be able to separate theses from each other again?
Click or tap here to enter text.
Pour your mixture into a mesh strainer. Shake the mixture over a bowl to catch any
material that passes through. Which material is in the bowl and which is in the strainer?
Click or tap here to enter text.
IT IS IMPORTANT THAT YOU DO NOT RUB THE SCREEN OR ATTEMPT
TO FORCE MATERIAL THROUGH. THIS DISTORTS AND DESTROYS
THE SIEVE.
This technique which separates using devices with varying pore sizes is called sieving.
Observe the three components and record their descriptions.
Name another three component mixture that could be separated by sieving. Click or tap here to enter text.
7. Put a teaspoon of black pepper into a clear cup of water. Describe what happens. Click or tap here to enter text.
Based on the results above how would you separate a mixture of dry rice and pepper? Click or tap here to enter text.
Would you achieve an effective or ineffective separation? Explain.
Click or tap here to enter text.
BE SURE YOU HAVE COMPLETED THE DATA SHEET FOR ALL MIXTURES
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
8
DATA
Note: Description must include what the substance or mixture it looks like, not just its
chemical composition.
Mixture Description of Original Mixture
(include whether it is homogeneous
or heterogeneous)
Description of Component
(after separation)
1
Part a
Click or tap here to enter text. Click or tap here to enter text.
1
Part b
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text. Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text. Click or tap here to enter text.
4
Click or tap here to enter text. Click or tap here to enter text.
5 Click or tap here to enter text. Click or tap here to enter text.
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
9
Mixture Description of Original Mixture
(include whether it is homogeneous
or heterogeneous)
Description of Component
(after separation)
6
6
Click or tap here to enter text. Click or tap here to enter text.
7 Click or tap here to enter text. Click or tap here to enter text.
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
10
CONCLUSIONS
For each type of mixture below, supply the technique used in this activity which is most efficient for
separating the mixture.
MIXTURE TECHNIQUE
two water insoluble compounds with different densities Click or tap here to enter text.
one water soluble compound and one water insoluble compound Click or tap here to enter text.
magnetic element and non-magnetic compound Click or tap here to enter text.
solid compound that vaporizes at low temperature and solid non-
evaporating compound
Click or tap here to enter text.
two water soluble, colored components Click or tap here to enter text.
two components that have different particle sizes Click or tap here to enter text.
Exploring the Chemical World, PGCC, 2003
11
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
1. Making coffee or tea requires hot water to remove soluble components from the grounds or
leaves. This is a separation process called extraction, removing a soluble component from
solid material. What other separation technique is used to prepare the coffee or tea to drink?
Explain.
Click or tap here to enter text.
2. Name and explain and the techniques used in each of the following processes:
a. removing pasta from boiling water
Click or tap here to enter text.
b. purifying air that is used in a car engine
Click or tap here to enter text.
c. pouring excess water from a container of ice
Click or tap here to enter text.
3. Prince George’s County operates a materials recovery facility for sorting commingled (mixed)
recyclables such as glass, steel cans, aluminum cans, and plastics. Suggest methods to separate
a mixture of this composition.
Click or tap here to enter text.
4. You have separated an insoluble white substance from a soluble blue substance by filtration.
The filter paper retains a blue color. Explain what possible error might occur and how you can
eliminate it
Click or tap here to enter text.
PRE-LAB QUERIES
INTRODUCTION
PROCEDURE
When you are finished the separation you must record:
Watch the videos associated with each section before attempting to answer the questions. For sections 1, 4, and 7 you can use the materials found in your home in order to perform the experiment
DATA
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Applied Sciences
Architecture and Design
Biology
Business & Finance
Chemistry
Computer Science
Geography
Geology
Education
Engineering
English
Environmental science
Spanish
Government
History
Human Resource Management
Information Systems
Law
Literature
Mathematics
Nursing
Physics
Political Science
Psychology
Reading
Science
Social Science
Liberty University
New Hampshire University
Strayer University
University Of Phoenix
Walden University
Home
Homework Answers
Blog
Archive
Tags
Reviews
Contact
twitterfacebook
Copyright © 2022 SweetStudy.com
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