Please reply to the discussion post. There are two discussion post below. Please respond to each post with a minimum of ONE PARAGRAH FOR EACH POST
Please reply to the discussion post. There are two discussion post below. Please respond to each post with a minimum of ONE PARAGRAH FOR EACH POST

Mikayla Anoje

Hypertension in HIV positive patients

COLLAPSE

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What is the study design?

The design of this study is a cohort design. As the methods section of the study states it is a prospective longitudinal study including HIV patients enrolled in the Kilombero and Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort between the years 2013 and 2015. The goal of the study was to distinguish whether or not there is a connection between hypertension in HIV patients in rural Africa. Hypertension for this study is a systolic higher than 140 mmHg and or a diastolic greater than 90 mmHg.

What measures of association where used in this study?

A measure used in this study was age adjusted hazard ratio. The study focuses on patients who are fifteen years old and older enrolled between January 2013 and March 2015. All patients were of African decent, women who were pregnant were omitted from the study. There was also a statistic of BMI for the patients. Patients who were underweight 27.9% and those who were overweight 11.8%.

Were these measures interpreted correctly?

Key findings were the 12% prevalence of hypertension at recruitment, the 10%

incidence of hypertension during a relatively short follow-up, the association of well-known

cardiovascular risk factors with incident hypertension, and the lack of association of incident

hypertension with baseline CD4 counts or ART status.

In my opinion these measures were just baseline demographics for the study. The study concluded that baseline presence and early development of hypertension after entering into care is common among HIV positive patients in rural Africa. No association was observed between immunological status or ART exposure. However the data did support the idea of routine hypertension screenings of HIV positive patients.

Rodríguez-Arbolí, M. (2017). Incidence and risk factors for hypertension among HIV patients in rural Tanzania – A prospective cohort study. PloS One, 12(3), e0172089–e0172089. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172089

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Thuy Le

HIV Antiretroviral Therapy

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What is the study design?

I would say this study design is a case-control study because the study attempts to examine the resistance in patients against antiretroviral therapy over a course of time. There is no masking in this study because they are pulling information directly from the UK collaborative HIV cohort study and the UK register of HIV seroconverters.

What measures of association where used in this study?

The measure of association for this study is mostly prevalence, people are either showing resistance or they aren’t and if they are they are going to continue to show this. It does depend on the type of antiretroviral therapy drugs that they are receiving along with other factors such as age and the subtype of the disease.

Were these measures interpreted correctly?

I believe that the measures were interpreted correctly, although there is still additional needs for testing because there are varying degrees of resistance and there are many other factors that play into the level of resistance for patients.

Reference:

Cane, C. (2005). Time trends in primary resistance to HIV drugs in the United Kingdom: multicentre observational study. BMJ, 331(7529), 1368–1371. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38665.534595.55

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