1. Distinguish between constructive and destructive interference. Please use 3 content related sentences. (ref: p.394-399)

2. Explain how surface waves can have characteristics of both longitudinal waves and transverse waves. Please use 3 content related sentences. (ref: p.388-393)

3. A lifeguard on a beach observes that waves have a speed of 2.60 m/s and a distance of 2.50 m between wave crests. What is the period of the wave motion? Please show all work. (ref: p.382-387)

4. What will happen to the pitch of a sound as that sound’s source approaches an observer? Explain why this happens, based on what you have learned about wave properties. Please use 3 content related sentences. (ref: p.382-387)

5. If a musical instrument such as a trumpet or flute is “flat”, should the pipe be lengthened or shortened? Explain with at least 2 content related sentences. (ref: p.418-427)

6. A train is moving at 23 m/s due east when it sounds a blast on its horn, frequency = 164 Hz. What frequency is heard by the driver of a car moving due east at 15 m/s along a road parallel to the tracks? Use 343 m/s for the speed of sound. Please show all work. (ref: p.410-417)

Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the following statement.

7. A green object will absorb ____________________ light and reflect ____________________ light.

(ref: p.447-455)

8. A laser beam from Earth is reflected back from a mirror on the Moon in 2.60 s. If the distance between Earth and the Moon is 3.85 × 108 m, calculate the speed of light. Please show all work. (ref: p.438-446)

9. Explain how the diffraction of light shows that light behaves like a wave. Please use 3 content related sentences. (ref: p.447-455)

10. A 20.0 cm tall object is placed 50.0 cm in front of a convex mirror with a radius of curvature of 34.0 cm. Where will the image be located, and how tall will it be? Please show all work. (ref: p.471-481)

11. Explain why convex mirrors can only produce virtual images. Please use at least 2 content related sentences. (ref: p.471-481)

12. A mirror has a magnification of -2.5. Explain what this means in terms of the object produced. Please use at least 2 content related sentences. (ref: p.471-481)

13. Tom’s father is 48 years old. He is not able to see nearby objects clearly. (ref: p.508-511)

a. What may be the reason for his vision problem?

b. Where are images formed in this type of defected vision?

c. How is this defect corrected?

14. Why does chromatic aberration occur? Please use 3 content related sentences. (ref: p.500-507)

15. Light passes from air into water at an angle of 40.0° to the normal. What is the angle of refraction? Please show all work. (ref: p.492-499)

16. Why does the pattern of colors repeat in a thin soap film? Please use 2 content related sentences. (ref: p.522-530)

17. Radio waves can bend around buildings. An X-ray technician stands behind a wall during the use of her machine. What does this tell you about the relative wavelengths of these two types of invisible light? Please use 2 content related sentences. (ref: p.531-539)

18. What does it mean when white light is diffracted and at a particular location the color seen is blue? Please use 2 content related sentences. (ref: p.531-539)

Identify each of the following as a conductors or insulators. (ref: p.548-552)

19. cloth

20. dry wood

21. tap water

22. glass

23. A positively charged light metal ball is suspended between two oppositely charged metal plates on an insulating thread as shown below. After being charged once, the plates are disconnected from the battery. Describe the behavior of the ball. Please use 3 content related sentences.

(ref: p.553-561)

24. Air is an insulator. However, in winter you might experience a spark when your fingers touch a doorknob. Briefly explain why this happens. Please use 2 content related sentences. (ref: p.548-552)

25. Three positive charges A, B, and C, and a negative charge D are placed in a line as shown in the diagram. All four charges are of equal magnitude. The distances between A and B, B and C, and C and D are equal. (ref: p.553-561)

a. Which charge experiences the greatest net force? Which charge experiences the smallest net force?

b. Find the ratio of the greatest to the smallest net force.

26. A rubber rod can be charged negatively when it is rubbed with wool. What happens to the charge of the wool? (ref: p.548-552)

27. The electric field around a positive charge is shown in the diagram. Describe the nature of these lines. Please use 2 content related sentences. (ref: p.570-576)

28. Why is it a good idea to touch a metal pole, or similar conductor, before filling up a car with gas? Please use 2 content related sentences. (ref: p.577-587)

29. Compare and contrast electric potential energy and electric potential difference? Please use 2 content related sentences. (ref: p.577-587)

30. What is electrical power in terms of current and potential difference? (ref: p.598-608)

31. Generate an explanation for the following formula: P = I2R (ref: p.609-613)

32. Holiday lights are often connected in series and use special lamps that short out when the potential difference across a lamp increases to the line voltage. Generate an explanation why and explain why these light sets might blow their fuses after many bulbs have failed. Please use 3 content related sentences. (ref: p.624-634)

33. Three 15.0-W resistors are connected in parallel across a 30.0-V battery. Please show all work. (ref: p.624-634)

a) Find the current through each branch of the circuit.

b) Find the equivalent resistance of the circuit.

c) Find the current through the battery.

34. What happens to the polarity of an electromagnet when the direction of the current passing through it is reversed? (ref: p.650-657)

35. Generate a description of the right hand rule for finding the magnetic field around a current carrying wire and tell how it is used to determine the direction of a magnetic field around a straight, current carrying wire. Please use 2 content related sentences. (ref: p.650-657)

36. If you hold a bar magnet in each hand and bring your hands together, will the force be attractive or repulsive if the magnets are held: (ref: p.650-657)

a) with the two north poles together?

b) with a north pole and south pole together?

37. A sample of 4 g of cobalt isotope is produced. If the half-life of is 30 years, what will be the mass of the cobalt remaining after 90 years? Please show all work (ref: p.808-813)

38. Name the three different types of radiation and describe how they are different in their penetrating abilities. Please use 3 content related sentences. (ref: p.808-813)

39. The transmutation of a radioactive uranium isotope, , into a radon isotope, , involves a series of three nuclear reactions. At the end of the first reaction, a thorium isotope, , is formed and at the end of the second reaction, a radium isotope, , is formed. In both the reactions, an alpha particle is emitted. Write the balanced equations for the three successive nuclear reactions. Please show all work. (ref: p.808-813)

40. Determine the amount of time for polonium-210 to decay to one fourth its original quantity. The half-life of polonium-210 is 138 days. Please show all work.